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1.
Racchi M Daglia M Lanni C Papetti A Govoni S Gazzani G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):1272-1277
The antiradical activity of water-soluble components contained in mushrooms (Psalliota campestris), onions (Allium cepa), white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. alba), and yellow bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) against hydroxyl radicals was tested in a chemical and biological system. The vegetable juices were obtained by centrifugation of a vegetable homogenate processed at 2 degrees C or heated at 102 degrees C. The chemical system consisted of a buffered reaction mixture composed of Fe(III)-EDTA, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, ascorbic acid, and H(2)O(2) generating the hydroxyl radical. The antiradical activity was expressed as an inhibition of deoxyribose degradation. The biological system consisted of IMR32 neuroblastoma cells exposed to H(2)O(2) in the presence or absence of the vegetable juices. Cells were pretreated for either 24 h or 1 h with the vegetable juices, and reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used as a cell viability assay. All vegetable juices inhibited the degradation of deoxyribose and increased the viability of H(2)O(2) treated cells. Raw mushroom juice proved to be the most active in both cases. Boiling significantly affected the activity of mushroom juice, but did not change significantly the effect on onions and yellow bell peppers, and partially increased the activity of white cabbage juice. Mushroom antiradical activity was also confirmed by a cytofluorimetric analysis. 相似文献
2.
Maria Montseny Cristina Linares Núria Viladrich Pol Capdevila Stefano Ambroso David Díaz Josep‐Maria Gili Andrea Gori 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):977-987
- Gorgonians dwelling on the Mediterranean continental shelf are among the most frequent fishing bycatch taxa. These species display several traits, such as long lifespans and slow growth, which make them very vulnerable to the impacts caused by fishing activities with far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects.
- Hence, restoration and mitigation actions are crucial to enhance and speed up the natural recovery of damaged cold‐water coral gardens. Given the growing concern to develop effective and affordable restoration actions, the present study aims to propose and technically validate a new large‐scale and cost‐effective restoration method.
- This technique, named ‘badminton method', consists of attaching bycatch Eunicella cavolini colonies to cobble supports and returning them to the continental shelf by gently throwing the gorgonian transplants directly from a boat.
- Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in order to find the best cobble type support and gorgonian size to be used: first, to evaluate the landing efficiency of gorgonian transplants at different depths (from 5 to 30 m) and second, to evaluate their capability to maintain a correct position over time.
- Natural cobbles with large gorgonians attached were the best option. Field results and modelling approaches suggest that the transplants would correctly land on the continental shelf seabed in a predicted area of around 60 m2. Moreover, they would successfully maintain an upright position ensuring gorgonian survival over time.
- The success of this method highlights the feasibility of large‐scale and low‐cost restoration actions with promising results for the conservation and recovery of cold‐water coral gardens.
3.
Giovanna Gilardi Stefano Demarchi Angelo Garibaldi Maria Lodovica Gullino 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):59-72
To control downy mildew of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), incited by Peronospora belbahrii Thines, a number of compounds were tested in 2011 and 2012 under glasshouse conditions. These included copper-based fungicides, biocontrol agents, and compounds previously reported to induce resistance in plants to pathogens. Results were compared with those provided by fungicides registered for downy mildew control in Italy. The tested compounds were used alone or applied in rotation in spray programs. In all trials, the greatest reduction in disease incidence and severity was found with treatments that included metalaxyl-M?+?copper hydroxide, a mineral fertilizer ‘Alexin’, mandipropanid, and azoxystrobin. The glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S-methyl also provided significant disease control (P?<?0.05). The mineral fertilizer Alexin, the glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S significantly reduced disease incidence and severity 20 days after the last treatment compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05). Among the copper-based products, the greatest reductions in disease incidence and severity were provided by copper hydroxide with terpenic alcohols and copper oxychloride?+?copper hydroxide. The mineral fertilizer Kendal and prohexadione-Ca, as well as mustard oil, partially reduced disease incidence and severity compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05), whereas the biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis QST 713 and thyme oil extract were not effective in two out of three trials. When different combinations of various products used in rotation were tested, effective control was found either using a rotation of fungicides with compounds that can induce resistance, as well as by using rotation with different resistance-inducing compounds on their own. 相似文献
4.
Opioid inhibition of dopamine release from nervous tissue of Mytilus edulis and Octopus bimaculatus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Morphine and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalin as well as other opioids suppress potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled dopamine from neurons tissue of two marine invertebrates, Mytilus edulis and Octopus bimaculatus. Naloxone reverses the inhibitory effects in both species. Potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled serotonin is not altered by opioids. It is postulated that opiate receptors and their endogenous effectors play a prominent role in regulation of transmitter release in invertebrates. 相似文献
5.
Essential regulation of CNS angiogenesis by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR124 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kuhnert F Mancuso MR Shamloo A Wang HT Choksi V Florek M Su H Fruttiger M Young WL Heilshorn SC Kuo CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6006):985-989
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR124/tumor endothelial marker 5 is highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) endothelium. Here, we show that complete null or endothelial-specific GPR124 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality from CNS-specific angiogenesis arrest in forebrain and neural tube. Conversely, GPR124 overexpression throughout all adult vascular beds produced CNS-specific hyperproliferative vascular malformations. In vivo, GPR124 functioned cell-autonomously in endothelium to regulate sprouting, migration, and developmental expression of the blood-brain barrier marker Glut1, whereas in vitro, GPR124 mediated Cdc42-dependent directional migration to forebrain-derived, vascular endothelial growth factor-independent cues. Our results demonstrate CNS-specific angiogenesis regulation by an endothelial receptor and illuminate functions of the poorly understood adhesion GPCR subfamily. Further, the functional tropism of GPR124 marks this receptor as a therapeutic target for CNS-related vascular pathologies. 相似文献
6.
Cairoli P Pieraccini S Sironi M Morelli CF Speranza G Manitto P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):1043-1050
A number of N2-alkyl and N2-acyl derivatives of guanosine 5'-phosphate (GMP) have been synthesized and tested for their synergistic effect with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), the prototypical substance imparting umami taste to savory-based foods. Capacities to enhance the taste intensity of MSG (gamma values) were estimated through subjective comparisons of MSG/nucleotide mixtures in water with appropriate solutions of MSG alone. Assuming beta = gamma[nucleotide]/gamma[IMP], beta values of the N2-substituted GMPs were found in the range 1.2-5.7. Such values appear to be related to the chain length of the substituent in the 2-position of the purine nucleus and dependent on the replacement of a CH 2 group with an S atom and/or with an alpha-CO group. These findings indicate that the exocyclic NHR group of the guanine moiety is actively implicated in the synergism between GMP derivatives and MSG. Theoretical calculations suggest that an anti conformation is probably assumed by ribonucleotide molecules interacting with umami receptors. 相似文献
7.
8.
Journal of Soils and Sediments - The present study provides quantitative data on the degree of macroplastic contamination of two conventionally treated arable areas in North Rhine-Westphalia... 相似文献
9.
Stefano?CanaliEmail author Alessandra?Trinchera Francesco?Intrigliolo Letizia?Pompili Luigi?Nisini Stefano?Mocali Biagio?Torrisi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(3):206-210
A 6-year study was conducted in an organically managed orange orchard located in Sicily (Southern Italy) to assess the effect of compost and organic fertiliser utilisation on soil quality. Adopting a randomised-block experimental design with three replicates, four treatments were carried out. In treatments 1 and 2, two different composts (C1 from distillery by-products and C2 from livestock waste) were applied. The plots of treatment 3 were fertilised using dried poultry manure. The control treatment was fertilised by mineral/synthetic fertilisers. In order to verify the hypothesis that composts and organic fertilisers improve soil fertility, soil quality was evaluated by selecting dynamic soil parameters, as indicators linked to C and N cycles. Total organic C, total N, C/N ratio, humified fraction, isoelectric focussing (IEF) of extracted organic matter, microbial biomass C, potentially mineralisable N under anaerobic conditions, potentially mineralisable C, C mineralisation quotient and metabolic quotient were determined for each sample. Moreover, the Community Level Physiological Profile (by Biolog technique) was defined, calculating derived functional biodiversity and versatility indexes. Parameters related to IEF and potentially mineralisable C showed significant differences among the treatments. Moreover, total C, total N and humification parameters tended to increase, while no differences were observed in biodiversity indexes. On these findings, it was concluded that composts and poultry manure only weakly affected soil properties, though they increased soil potentially available nutritive elements to crops. 相似文献
10.
Stefano Ponte 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(2):179-193
Contemporary regulation of food safety incorporates principles of quality management and systemic performance objectives that
used to characterize private standards. Conversely, private standards are covering ground that used to be the realm of regulation.
The nature of the two is becoming increasingly indistinguishable. The case study of the Ugandan fish export industry highlights
how management methods borrowed from private standards can be applied to public regulation to achieve seemingly conflicting
objectives. In the late 1990s, the EU imposed repeated bans on fish imported from Uganda on the basis of food safety concerns.
However, the EU did not provide scientific proof that the fish were actually “unsafe.” Rather, the poor performance of Uganda’s
regulatory and monitoring system was used as justification. Only by fixing “the system” (of regulations and inspections) and
performing the ritual of laboratory testing for all consignments for export to the EU did the Ugandan industry regain its
status as a “safe” source of fish. Yet, gaps and inconsistencies abound in the current Ugandan fish safety management system.
Some operations are by necessity carried out as “rituals of verification.” Given the importance of microbiological tests and
laboratories in the compliance system, “alchemic rituals” provide an appropriate metaphor. These rituals are part and parcel
of a model that reassures the EU fish-eating public that all is under control in Uganda from boat to point of export. As a
consequence, actual non-compliance from boat to landing site allows the fishery to survive as an artisanal operation.
Stefano Ponte
is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen. His research focuses on the role of standards,
regulation and quality conventions in the governance of agro-food value chains, with particular focus on Africa. He is co-author
of Trading Down: Africa, Value Chains and the Global Economy and The Coffee Paradox: Global Markets, Commodity Trade and the
Elusive Promise of Development. 相似文献