全文获取类型
收费全文 | 229827篇 |
免费 | 5295篇 |
国内免费 | 489篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 235611篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 351篇 |
2022年 | 991篇 |
2021年 | 1581篇 |
2020年 | 872篇 |
2019年 | 1322篇 |
2018年 | 23205篇 |
2017年 | 18381篇 |
2016年 | 20991篇 |
2015年 | 3066篇 |
2014年 | 3398篇 |
2013年 | 3728篇 |
2012年 | 11221篇 |
2011年 | 24995篇 |
2010年 | 21132篇 |
2009年 | 13510篇 |
2008年 | 22311篇 |
2007年 | 24397篇 |
2006年 | 3096篇 |
2005年 | 4642篇 |
2004年 | 5419篇 |
2003年 | 6134篇 |
2002年 | 4164篇 |
2001年 | 1393篇 |
2000年 | 1509篇 |
1999年 | 1081篇 |
1998年 | 605篇 |
1997年 | 560篇 |
1996年 | 403篇 |
1995年 | 391篇 |
1994年 | 360篇 |
1993年 | 327篇 |
1992年 | 664篇 |
1991年 | 741篇 |
1990年 | 683篇 |
1989年 | 702篇 |
1988年 | 657篇 |
1987年 | 636篇 |
1986年 | 537篇 |
1985年 | 542篇 |
1984年 | 417篇 |
1983年 | 350篇 |
1982年 | 267篇 |
1981年 | 228篇 |
1980年 | 251篇 |
1979年 | 312篇 |
1978年 | 270篇 |
1977年 | 193篇 |
1974年 | 221篇 |
1973年 | 221篇 |
1972年 | 174篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
K.-C. Sung D.-C. Seo S.-J. Lee M.-Y. Lee S.H. Wild C.D. Byrne 《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2019,29(5):489-495
Background and aims
It is not known whether non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for diabetes in non obese, non centrally-obese subjects. Our aim was to investigate relationships between fatty liver, insulin resistance and a biomarker score for liver fibrosis with incident diabetes at follow up, in subjects who were neither obese nor centrally-obese.Methods and results
As many as 70,303 subjects with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 and without diabetes were followed up for a maximum of 7.9 years. At baseline, fatty liver was identified by liver ultrasound, insulin resistance (IR) by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.0, and central obesity by waist circumference (waist circumference ≥90 cm (men) and ≥85 cm (women). The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4 score) was used to estimate extent of liver fibrosis. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (aHRs) for incident diabetes. As many as 852 incident cases of diabetes occurred during follow up (median [IQR] 3.71 [2.03] years). Mean ± SD BMI was 22.8 ± 1.8 and 21.7 ± 2.0 kg/m2 in subjects with and without diabetes at follow up. In subjects without central obesity and with fatty liver, aHRs (95% CI) for incident diabetes at follow up were 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) for men, and 2.86 (1.50,5.46) for women. Similar aHRs for incident diabetes occurred with fatty liver, IR and the highest quartile of FIB-4 combined, in men; and there was a non significant trend toward increased risk in women.Conclusions
In normal weight, non-centrally obese subjects NAFLD is an independent risk factor for incident diabetes. 相似文献2.
Xiaoqing Guo Ji-Eun Seo Xilin Li Nan Mei 《Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews》2020,23(1):27-50
ABSTRACTGenotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Susanne Ramsauer 《Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie》2007,6(2):293-302
Anliegen dieses Artikels ist, die besondere Qualit?t und Chance von Psychodramatischer Supervision zu beschreiben, und gleichzeitig
die Kompatibilit?t und fruchtbare Erg?nzung des Moreno’schen Ansatzes innerhalb des Formats Supervision innerhalb der Sozialen
Arbeit auf zuzeigen. Dies wird anhand von 2 ausgew?hlten Praxisbeispielen dargestellt. Die Handlungskompetenz von Supervisandinnen
und Supervisanden kann durch einfache psychodramatische Interventionen erweitert werden. Handlungshemmung wird überwunden,
Spontaneit?t und Kreativit?t kommen ins Laufen und er?ffnen Perspektiven. 相似文献
8.
9.
Debra L. Roter Richard M. Frankel Judith A. Hall David Sluyter 《Journal of general internal medicine》2006,21(1):28-34
Relationship-centered care reflects both knowing and feeling: the knowledge that physician and patient bring from their respective domains of expertise, and the physician’s and patient’s experience, expression, and perception of emotions during the medical encounter. These processes are conveyed and reciprocated in the care process through verbal and nonverbal communication. We suggest that the emotional context of care is especially related to nonverbal communication and that emotion-related communication skills, including sending and receiving nonverbal messages and emotional self-awareness, are critical elements of high-quality care. Although nonverbal behavior has received far less study than other care processes, the current review argues that it holds significance for the therapeutic relationship and influences important outcomes including satisfaction, adherence, and clinical outcomes of care. 相似文献
10.
杨娅 Thomas Bartel Loredana Latina Guido Caspari 王新房 Raimund Erbel 《华中科技大学学报(医学英德文版)》2002,22(2):158-163
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) has been used toassess coronary microcirculation and epicardial coro-nary stenoses[1— 3 ] . CFR is defined as the ratio ofcoronary flow under maximal coronary vasodilatationto coronary flow under resting conditions[4 ] .Whenthe cross- sectional area of epicardial coronary arteriesis constant,coronary flow velocity (CFV) ratios areequal to volume flow ratios.The most common method used clinically formeasuring CFVR is intracoronary Doppler flow(ICD) analysis re… 相似文献