Anatomic and clinical significance of the first and most medial deep transverse metatarsal ligament

A review of the related literature revealed ambiguity and inconsistency as to the location of the first and most medial deep transverse metatarsal ligament in relation to the adjacent soft tissue and osseous structures. Seventy right sided, mid-thigh cadaveric dissections were completed by the investigators. The results consistently identified the ligament as bifurcate, bearing a common stem with the medial aspect of the second metatarsophalangeal joint capsule and a split attachment to the lateral aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsule and sesamoidal apparatus. The conjoined tendon of the adductor hallucis muscle was consistently identified as passing between this bifurcation. Knowledge of the location of this anatomic structure bears importance in the podiatric surgeon's attempt to restore the alignment of the first metatarsophalangeal joint by means of soft tissue or osseous procedures.     

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during speech production.

The amplitude of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was investigated during a reading aloud task to determine whether alterations in respiratory control during speech production affect the amplitude of RSA. Changes in RSA amplitude associated with speech were evaluated by comparing RSA amplitudes during reading aloud with those obtained during rest breathing. A third condition, silent reading, was included to control for potentially confounding effects of cardiovascular responses to cognitive processes involved in the process of reading. Calibrated respiratory kinematics, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and speech audio signals were recorded from 18 adults (9 men, 9 women) during 5-min trials of each condition. The results indicated that the increases in respiratory duration, lung volume, and inspiratory velocity associated with reading aloud were accompanied by similar increases in the amplitude of RSA. This finding provides support for the premise that sensorimotor pathways mediating metabolic respiration are actively modulated during speech production.     

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry of F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of anti-mouse immunoglobulin G

The adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of anti-mouse immunoglobulin G is described. Conditions were optimized for the determination of these fragments with respect to accumulation potential, accumulation time, scan rate, pulse amplitude, drop size and electrolyte composition. The F(ab')2 and Fab fragments gave rise to behaviour similar to that reported previously for the intact immunoglobulin.     

ORAL-MOTOR DYSFUNCTION AND FEEDING DISORDERS OF INFANTS WITH TURNER SYNDROME

The oral-motor function of 10 infants with Turner syndrome and their age- and sex-matched controls were assessed during feeding. In addition to well-recognised dysmorphic features, including oral anomalies and high-arched palates, index infants had marked hypotonia of the cheeks and lips, dysfunctional tongue movements and poorly developed chewing skills. Their meal-times were significantly shorter than those of the controls and they weighed significantly less at six, 12 and 15 months. All mothers of infants with Turner syndrome complained of difficulties feeding their children and these problems often had been present since birth.     

Epidemiological aspects of back pain: the incidence and prevalence of back pain in nurses compared to the general population

Two studies using retrospective questionnaires were conductedto obtain epidemiological information from nursing personnel(n= 1134) and among an age-and gender-matched cross-secton ofthe general population (n= 315). The point and annual prevalenceof back pain did not differ between the two sample groups. Nursesdemonstrated a greater annual incidence of back pain (14.7%,compared to 11.5% in non-nurses). The point prevalence of backpain increased with age in both sample groups. Nurses consideredpatient-handling tasks instrumental in the onset of back painsymptoms. Comparison of results with those obtained from a similarstudy published in 1983 indicated an increase of almost 40%in the prevalence of back pain symptoms in nurses, althoughthe linearity of the rise was not ascertained. The implementationof guidelines on the manual handling of loads has led to revisedtraining procedures and these may have influenced the epidemiologicalfindings.