霉酚酸酯对狼疮性肾炎的治疗效果及肾脏病理分析

目的研究探讨霉酚酸酯(MMF)对狼疮性肾炎(LN)的临床治疗效果。方法收集2008年1月至2017年12月于本院治疗的40例LN患者,应用数字随机表法将其随机分为两组,每组20例。对照组采用环磷酰胺治疗,观察组采用霉酚酸酯治疗,比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应、治疗前后的疾病活动度指数、肾功能指标及肾脏病理指标。结果两组的总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的疾病活动度指数、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、24 h尿蛋白、纤维新月体、白金耳和微血栓差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,与对照组比,观察组的疾病活动度指数、BUN、Scr、24 h尿蛋白和总不良反应发生率均明显降低(P<0.05)。两组患者的纤维新月体、白金耳和微血栓均明显降低,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论霉酚酸酯治疗狼疮性肾炎可以达到与环磷酰胺相当的临床疗效,霉酚酸酯相比于环磷酰胺可以减少患者不良反应,其安全性更加安全可靠。     

Analgesic effect of intrathecal bumetanide is accompanied by changes in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.     

Presepsin在脓毒症早期诊断和预后评估中应用价值

目的探讨血浆Presepsin水平对脓毒症的诊断和预后评估的临床意义。方法 90例脓毒症患者根据是否休克分为脓毒症组和脓毒症休克组各45例,体检健康者45例为对照组,检测并比较3组血浆Presepsin、降钙素原(procalcitonin, PCT)、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)水平;比较脓毒症休克组与脓毒症组小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分、白细胞计数、血小板计数、乳酸、B型钠尿肽原水平,比较脓毒症患者中死亡者(死亡组)与存活者(存活组)血浆Presepsin、PCT和hs-CRP水平、小儿危重症评分和SOFA评分,采用Spearman相关分析Presepsin与PCT、hs-CRP、小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分的相关性;采用ROC曲线评估Presepsin、PCT、hs-CRP对脓毒症的诊断效能。结果脓毒症休克组患者血浆Presepsin[(1 581.74±1 142.54)ng/L]、PCT[(3 242.61±1 693.47)ng/L]和hs-CRP[(159.47±85.78)mg/L]水平明显高于脓毒症组[(279.78±123.57)ng/L、(2 158.96±1 529.77)ng/L、(116.74±71.85)mg/L]和对照组[(67.71±33.15)ng/L、(7.79±5.52)ng/L、(2.51±1.47)mg/L](P<0.05),脓毒症组高于对照组(P<0.05);脓毒症休克组患者SOFA评分及乳酸、B型钠尿肽原水平高于脓毒症组(P<0.05),小儿危重症评分、血小板计数、白细胞计数低于脓毒症组(P<0.05);死亡组血浆Presepsin、PCT、hs-CRP水平及小儿危重症评分、SOFA评分均明显高于存活组(P<0.05);血浆Presepsin水平与血浆PCT、hs-CRP水平、SOFA评分均呈正相关(r=0.714,P<0.001;r=0.756,P<0.001;r=0.838,P<0.001),与小儿危重症评分呈负相关(r=-2.787,P<0.001);血浆Presepsin水平诊断脓毒症的AUC(0.924)、灵敏度(72.0%)和特异度(90.0%)均高于PCT(0.684、60.0%、80.0%)和hs-CRP(0.617、50.0%、70.0%)(P<0.05)。结论检测血浆Presepsin水平有助于脓毒症的早期诊断、病情程度判断和预后评估。     

P53和iASPP在子宫颈癌组织的表达及意义

目的探讨P53、P53凋亡刺激蛋白（iASPP）在子宫颈癌组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化PV-6000二步法,检测P53和iASPP在40例慢性子宫颈炎、60例宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）、65例宫颈癌组织中的表达。结果子宫颈癌、CIN及慢性子宫颈炎组织中iASPP阳性表达率分别为81.5%（53/65）、43.3%（26/60）、12.5%（5/26）,3组比较差异有显著性（χ2=10.67～47.73,P〈0.01）。慢性子宫颈炎、CIN及宫颈癌组织中P53的阳性表达率分别为10.0%（4/26）、33.3%（20/60）和58.5%（38/65）,CIN及宫颈癌组织中P53蛋白的阳性表达率均高于慢性子宫颈炎组织,差异有显著性（χ2=7.16～124.23,P〈0.05）。临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期宫颈癌组织的P53阳性表达率分别为48.6%（17/35）、57.9%（11/19）、90.9%（10/11）,差异有显著性（χ2=6.181,P〈0.05）;高、中、低分化宫颈癌组织iASPP的阳性表达率分别为68.2%（15/22）、73.3%（11/15）、96.4%（27/28）,差异有显著性（χ2=7.402,P〈0.05）。宫颈癌组织中P53、iASPP的表达呈正相关（r=0.31,P〈0.05）。结论 iASPP、P53在子宫颈癌组织中高表达,两者与子宫颈癌的发生、发展相关,iASPP的表达与子宫颈癌的恶性程度有关。     

国人头发直径的调查

作者用显微镜目镜测微尺对571人的4272根头发的直径进行了测量,发现其平均直径为84.01±23.07微米,从而确定了国人头发直径的正常参考值,为头发的病理生理及美容提供了参考。     

^18F-FDGPET／CT在滤泡性淋巴瘤分期及疗效评价中的临床价值

目的探讨^18F—FDGPET／CT在滤泡性淋巴瘤（FL）的分期、疗效评价、复发监测及预后判断方面的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2005年12月至2013年1月行PET／CT检查的经病理确诊为FL的28例患者[男12例,女16例,平均年龄57（36～82）岁]资料。对患者均进行AnnArbor临床分期,统计行PET／CT检查后临床分期改变情况。比较不同临床分期组间、病理高级别（3a＋3b级）组和低级别（1＋2级）组间SUVmax差异。28例中有17例行化疗后PET／CT检查和电话随访（10-88个月）监测疗效,比较疗效佳（CR＋PR）和不佳（SD＋PD）者生存差异。统计分析采用Mann—Whitneyu秩和检验、Wilcoxon符号秩检验和Kaplan—Meier生存分析。结果（1）28例治疗前行^18F—FDGPET／CT的患者中,10．7％（3／28）分期上调,3．6％（1／28）分期下调。Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期组SUVmax为10．1±3．2,Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组SUVmax为11．5±4．9,差异无统计学意义（z=-0．619,P〉0．05）。病理低级别组（15例）和高级别组（13例）SUVmax分别为6．9±3．6和12．4±5．6（Z=-3．706,P〈0．01）。（2）17例治疗前后均行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查的患者中,疗效佳组（11例）治疗前SUV～10．8±5．1,治疗后SUVmax3．4±2．3（Z=-2．312,P〈0．05）;疗效不佳组（6例）治疗前SUVmax11．2±6．9,治疗后SUVmax7．8±3．3,差异无统计学意义（Z=-1．153,P〉0．05）。疗效佳与疗效不佳组的中位无进展生存期（PFS）分别为48和26个月（x^2=4．207,P〈0．05）。结论^18F-FDGPET／CT有助于明确FL分期、评价疗效、监测复发及提示预后。     

降钙素原指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的抗菌药物使用

目的探讨降钙素原在指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者抗菌药物使用方面的价值。方法选取2014年3月至2015年9月航天中心医院呼吸科诊治的AECOPD患者184例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组两组,各92例。对照组患者根据临床经验实施抗菌药物治疗,观察组患者根据血清降钙素原浓度实施抗菌药物治疗。结果观察组患者治疗后降钙素原水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05)。观察组患者治疗后降钙素原、半年内再次急性加重发生率、半年内再住院率低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者抗菌药物使用时间、抗菌药物费用、住院时间、住院费用少于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗总有效率、住院病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AECOPD患者血清降钙素原显著升高,参考降钙素原水平有助于优化抗菌药物的使用。     

Correlations among Helicobacter pylori infection and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia

Background and Aims: To examine the rate of Helicobacter pylori infection and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia, and explore their correlations in precancerous gastric lesions. Methods: A total of 172 patients were included in the study. H. pylori infection was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin and modified Giemsa staining. The expression of COX‐2 and VEGF proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The rates of H. pylori infection in gastric mucosal dysplasia (DYS), intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa (IM), chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) patients were significant differences (P = 0.001). The average optical density (AOD) values of COX‐2 staining in CSG, CAG, IM and DYS patients were 13.81 ± 5.53, 45.28 ± 21.44, 73.67 ± 26.02 and 91.23 ± 45.11, respectively, with significant differences among CSG, CAG and IM patients (P = 0.037, 0.001 and 0.047 for CSG vs CAG, CSG vs IM and CAG vs IM, respectively). The expression level of VEGF in DYS patients was significantly higher than those in other patients (P = 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 for DYS vs CSG, DYS vs CAG and DYS vs IM, respectively). The expression levels of COX‐2 in H. pylori‐positive IM, CAG and DYS patients were significantly higher than those in H. pylori‐negative counterparts (P = 0.043, 0.009, 0.001, respectively). Additionally, the expression level of COX‐2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF with the aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions (r = 0.640, P = 0.006). Conclusion: H. pylori infection might be able to induce the expression of COX‐2 in precancerous gastric lesions, which in turn upregulates the expression of VEGF.     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血和关节滑膜液淋巴细胞CD25、HLA-DR的表达及意义

目的研究类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血和关节滑膜液淋巴细胞CD25、HLA-DR的表达,探讨其在RA致病中的作用.方法采用流式细胞仪检测RA患者外周血和关节滑膜液淋巴细胞CD25、HLA-DR的表达,并设立正常对照组.结果RA患者外周血表达CD25的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞,与正常对照组相比明显增多(P<0.01);关节滑膜液表达CD25的B淋巴细胞和表达HLA-DR的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞,与正常对照组相比亦明显增多(P<0.01).结论外周血和关节滑膜液淋巴细胞CD25、HIA-DR的表达增高,在RA发病机制中起着重要的作用.     

护理本科生的专业态度调查

目的 调查护理本科生专业态度及其影响因素,为发展护理本科教育提供依据.方法 对4所医学院校的四年制护理本科生进行问卷调查.内容包括护理本科生的一般资料、与专业态度有关的入学态度、对专业的了解、接受专业教育情况、对专业的满意度及其影响因素等内容.结果 33.87%的护生喜欢护理专业,4所学校护生认为本校对护理专业重视程度比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);65.16%护生选择会转行,不同年级护生的就业取向比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论 部分护理本科生专业态度不稳固,学校及社会应共同努力引导他们建立积极的专业态度.