From the experiments described, it can be seen that there are different
research approaches that can be taken and these are summarized in Table 1.
Whereas much scientific research is principally hypothesis led, there
remains, nevertheless, an important place for exploratory research. High
resolution NMR can measure, directly and simultaneously, a wide range of
endogenous metabolites in biological fluids and has the unique capability
of providing structural information on the metabolites detected. It has
proved to be a powerful research tool with which to study inherited
metabolic diseases, renal disease, drug metabolism, and toxicity, and can
be used to monitor the effects of drug therapy. For instance, by using a
library of experimental toxins one can map the metabolic profile of
site-specific nephron injury. With this approach in man one could
eventually take an unknown disease such as Balkan nephropathy and predict
the initial site of tubular injury, the mode of injury and therefore the
kind of toxin capable of producing that injury. NMR spectroscopic
techniques are still advancing rapidly, with ever increasing sensitivity
and sophistication of NMR pulse sequences to enhance structural elucidation
in complex mixtures. Given the advances in directly coupled HPLC-NMR and
even HPLC-NMR-mass spectroscopy it is likely that these technologies in
conjunction with pattern recognition will make major contribution to our
understanding of renal processes and provide new diagnostic insights in the
21st century.
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Correct diagnosis in psychiatry may be improved by novel diagnostic procedures. Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
are suggested to be able to improve diagnostic procedures, but some studies indicate possible problems. Therefore, it could
be important to investigate CDSS systems with regard to their feasibility to improve diagnostic procedures as well as to save
time. 相似文献
Flavonoids are polyphenolic substances with antioxidant properties, and they are found in different vegetables and fruits. Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of flavonoids reduces the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The use of synthetic antioxidants, however, has been limited because of their toxicity. Therefore, medical researchers have intensified their quest to find natural antioxidants.
OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the effect of several pure flavonoids, such as kaempferol, quercetin, morin and rutin, on red blood cell hemolysis and evaluate their -SH capacity as an indicator of membrane protection.
METHODS:
The rate of hemolysis and cell membrane -SH capacity were determined by spectrophotometry. Red blood cell peroxidation was induced using 2,2′-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. The effect of each flavonoid on hemolysis was examined at three concentrations (0.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL), however, only the greatest concentration (10 μg/mL) of each flavonoid was used to study the effect on -SH groups.
RESULTS:
In all cases, the antioxidant activity was dose-dependent. Rutin showed the highest inhibitory effect on hemolysis among flavonoids (42.5%). The protective effect of kaempferol, rutin and morin against -SH group oxidation measured 7.7%, 23.3% and 26.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Results showed that flavonoids and flavonoid-containing plants can be used as natural antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of disease conditions, the pathogenesis of which is mediated by lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
Primary breast neuroendocrine tumors (BNETs) represent < 1% of breast cancers. Diagnosing BNETs can be challenging, and a limited amount of cohort data currently exists in literature. We aimed to describe primary BNET characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes through the National Cancer Database (NCDB).
Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the NCDB from 2004 to 2017. BNET cases were compared with patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). A matched IDC cohort was created by matching patient age, race, and disease stage. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated through the bootstrap sampling method.
Results
A total of 1389 BNET and 1,967,401 IDC cases were identified. When compared with IDC patients, BNET patients were older, had more comorbidities, and were more often male (p < 0.01). BNETs were larger, higher grade, and more frequently hormone receptor negative (p < 0.01). While BNET patients were treated with surgery and radiotherapy (p < 0.01) less often compared with IDC patients, they presented at later disease stage (p < 0.001) and received systemic treatment more frequently (53.5% vs. 40%, p < 0.01). Patients with BNET had increased mortality compared with the matched IDC cohort: stage 1 HR 1.8, stage 2 HR 2.0, stage 3 HR 1.8, and stage 4 HR 1.5 (p < 0.001 for all).
Conclusion
Patients with BNET tend to present at higher clinical stages, are more frequently hormone receptor negative, and have inferior overall survival compared with patients with IDC. Further treatment strategies and studies are needed to elucidate optimal therapies to maximize patient outcomes.
Graphene oxide (GO) was proposed as an efficient carrier of antibiotics. The model drug, amoxicillin (AMOX), was attached to GO using a peptide linker (Leu-Leu-Gly). GO-AMOX was dispersed in a hydrogel to which the enzyme responsible for releasing AMOX from GO was also added. The drug molecules were released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide bond in the linker. As the selected enzyme, bromelain, a plant enzyme, was used. The antibacterial nature of the carrier was determined by its ability to inhibit the growth of the Enterococcus faecalis strain, which is one of the bacterial species responsible for periodontal and root canal diseases. The prepared carrier contained only biocompatible substances, and the confirmation of its lack of cytotoxicity was verified based on the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI 164. The proposed type of preparation, as a universal carrier of many different antibiotic molecules, can be considered as a suitable solution in the treatment of inflammation in dentistry. 相似文献
Recently in Poland as a result of the high rate of aging population and high rates of morbidity, a growing demand for the physiotherapist profession is observed. The results of this study can be used to formulate principles for better organization of physiotherapist’s workplace in order to prevent occurrence of burnout. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender on satisfaction with life and burnout among active physiotherapists.
Material and Methods
The survey was anonymous and voluntary, and involved a group of 200 active physiotherapists working in health care units and educational centers in Po?land. The study group was selected randomly and incidentally. Each respondent received a demographic data sheet and a set of self-rating questionnaires (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, Burnout Scale Inventory).
Results
Burnout among men decreased along with increasing satisfaction with one’s work and occupation, friends, relatives and acquaintances, sexuality, and increased due to greater satisfaction with one’s housing status. Burnout among women decreased along with increasing satisfaction with one’s health, free time and friends, relatives and acquaintances, and increased due to work at a setting other than a health care unit or educational center. Statistical analysis failed to reveal any significant differences with regard to the BSI domains and with regard to the overall burnout index as well as with regard to the assessment of satisfaction with life between female and male physiotherapists.
Conclusions
Satisfaction with children, marriage and partnership, with one’s work and occupation, interactions with friends, relatives and acquaintances and sexuality may contribute to reduction of burnout among men. Women who are satisfied with their children, family, health, free time and contacts with friends, relatives and acquaintances are less prone to burnout. Weak financial situation among women and deficiency of free time among men can induce burnout. Improving staff happiness may contribute to decreasing burnout. 相似文献