Applications of a super element model for non-linear analysis of stiffened box structures

Numerical investigations are carried out to verify the new super element model developed in Reference 1 for non-linear analysis of stiffened box structures. The results presented here are obtained from a variety of examples which are chosen to illustrate the accuracy and convergence of the model in various applications. Good agreement is obtained for most of the problems considered and the present formulation is found to be accurate and economical for preliminary engineering design.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery of malignant and benign intracranial lesions utilizing a patient rotator

The objective of this survey was to demonstrate whether a primary care track internal medicine residency program emphasizing community-based health care of the urban sick poor trains physicians who will continue to practice in general internal medicine or similar fields. Thirty-five primary care residents (100% of graduates) who trained from 1976 through 1993 in the Adult Primary Care Track of the Internal Medicine Residency Program at St. Vincent's Hospital, New York were used as participants.     

Moral reasoning and moral concerns: An alternative to Gilligan's gender based hypothesis.

Studied the differences in moral orientation in terms of gender specific modes of reasoning, in 2 experiments. In Exp 1, 32 Ss (aged 24–55 yrs) were read the "Heinz dilemma," and asked 3 questions regarding it. Deliberative and justificatory strategies were identified on the basis of the presence or absence of the higher level knowledge structures. In Exp 2, 40 undergraduates were presented with "Michael and Kohlberg Heinz dilemma," followed by a set of relevant questions. Male Ss preferred to apply a norm or rule in their solutions, while females rejected the application of a norm and sought alternative solutions. This was replicated in Exp 2, but the pattern was reversed with female Ss preferring to apply a norm. Males were divided in their use of either strategy indicating that although, genders differed in their judgments as to which norms or rules to apply; once adopted, norms and rules were used in similar ways. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Swords to plowshares: Shock wave applications to advanced lithography

xtreme ltra iolet ithography (EUVL) seeks to apply radiation in a wavelength region centered near 13 nm to produce microcircuits having feature sizes 0.1 micron or less. A critical requirement for the commercial application of this technology is the development of an economical, compact source of this radiation which is suitable for lithographic applications. A good candidate is a laser-plasma source, which is generated by the interaction of an intermediate intensity laser pulse (up to 10¹² W/cm²) with a metallic target. While such a source has radiative characteristics which satisfy the needs of an EUVL source, the debris generated during the laser-target interaction strikes at the economy of the source. Here, we review the use of concepts and computer modeling, originally developed for hypervelocity impact analysis, to study this problem.     

Children's ascriptions of knowledge to others.

Piaget believed that young children were egocentric and would ascribe their own knowledge to another. In contrast, Wimmer, Hogrefe, and Perner (1988) found that children did not perform egocentrically when assessing another's knowledge. The present study was carried out to determine which claim was right. A familiar object was secretly placed in a box, and a child and others either looked in the box or did not look. Two of the main findings were that (a) 6-year-olds were significantly better than 3- to 4-year-olds at assessing the other's knowledge, even though both assessed the other's perception correctly (p?p?     

Detection of West Nile virus by the polymerase chain reaction and analysis of nucleotide sequence variation

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to rapidly detect and identify West Nile (WN) virus. The RNA from seven isolates of WN virus from six countries and four other flaviviruses (Kunjin, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses) was reverse-transcribed (RT) and amplified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified products were determined by a rapid, automated DNA sequencing method. The WN virus RT/PCR assay detected the target gene segment of sequencing method. The WN virus RT/PCR assay detected the target gene segment of isolates from both the African-Middle Eastern group and the Indian group with a sensitivity of approximately 0.05 pg of viral RNA. Kunjin virus was the only other flavivirus tested that produced a band of the appropriate size. Five of seven WN virus isolates showed 92-98% homology in the nucleotide sequence of their PCR products. The sequence of one isolate was virtually identical to the published sequence of the Nigerian isolate (99.5% homology). No correlation was established between the degree of nucleotide homology, geographic location, time of isolation, or source of the isolates.     

A population study of the natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1953-1989

BACKGROUND: Virtually all natural history studies of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome have been case series and, as such, have been constrained by referral biases, skewed age and sex distributions, or brief follow-up periods. The purpose of our study was to examine the natural history, the development of arrhythmias, and the incidence of sudden death in an entire cohort of pediatric and adult WPW patients from a community-based local population. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified 113 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the period 1953-1989 using the centralized records-linkage system provided by the Mayo Clinic and the Rochester Epidemiology Program Project. Medical records and ECGs were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and to establish pathway location by ECG criteria. Follow-up, via record review and telephone interview, was complete in 95% of subjects through 1990. The incidence of newly diagnosed cases was approximately four per 100,000 per year. Preexcitation was not present on the initial ECG of 22% of the cohort. Approximately 50% of the population was asymptomatic at diagnosis, with 30% subsequently having symptoms related to arrhythmia at follow-up. Two sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) occurred over 1,338 patient-years of follow-up, yielding an overall SCD rate of 0.0015 (95% confidence interval, 0.0002-0.0054) per patient-year. No SCD occurred in patients asymptomatic at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of sudden death in a local community-based population is low and suggests that electrophysiological testing should not be performed routinely in asymptomatic patients with WPW syndrome. Nevertheless, young, asymptomatic patients, particularly those < 40 years old, should return for medical follow-up should symptoms develop.