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1.
The ideal uniform two-dimensional (2D) Fermi and Bose gases are considered both in the thermodynamic limit and the finite case. We derive May's Theorem, viz. the correspondence between the internal energies of the Fermi and Bose gases in the thermodynamic limit. This results in both gases having the same heat capacity. However, as we shall show, the thermodynamic limit is never truly reached in two dimensions and so it is essential to consider finite-size effects. We show in an elementary manner that for the finite 2D Bose gas, a pseudo-Bose–Einstein condensate forms at low temperatures, incompatible with May's Theorem. The two gases now have different heat capacities, dependent on the system size and tending to the same expression in the thermodynamic limit. 相似文献
2.
This report describes a case of Becker muscular dystrophy presenting with recurrent symptomatic wide complex tachycardia. Electrophysiologic testing demonstrated the mechanism to be bundle branch reentry ventricular tachycardia. It is important to consider this potential mechanism in patients with ventricular arrhythmias who have this particular clinical entity, since radiofrequency catheter ablation can represent a curative treatment. 相似文献
3.
The modality effect in immediate recall refers to superior recall of the last few items within lists presented in spoken as opposed to printed form. The locus of this well-known effect has been unclear. N. Cowan, J. S. Saults, E. M. Elliott, and M. Moreno (2002) introduced a new method to distinguish between the effects of input serial position, output serial position, and the number of items yet to be recalled and found that large modality effects occurred only in conditions in which delay and interference at output (from items already recalled) was high. The authors replicated that finding, even when the response period included output interference acoustically similar to the spoken stimuli to be recalled. However, the authors found that output delay and interference act only by lowering the level of performance to a more sensitive range. The modality effect thus originates during encoding of the list to be recalled, not during output. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
In three experiments on apparent motion, subjects were to press a computer key as quickly as possible either when the apparently moving stimulus passed the midpoint of its trajectory or when it reached the endpoint. If motion is perceived as a trajectory through a series of spatial locations, and if this type of percept is the basis of deliberate responding (assumptions that can be considered Cartesian in origin), then reaction times should be faster to the midpoint than to the endpoint. In contrast to these assumptions, there was no difference between reaction times to these two points. Alternative accounts of the results are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Amber L. Hendricks Christine Wachnowsky Brian Fries Insiya Fidai James A. Cowan 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Lipoyl synthase (LIAS) is an iron–sulfur cluster protein and a member of the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily that catalyzes the final step of lipoic acid biosynthesis. The enzyme contains two [4Fe–4S] centers (reducing and auxiliary clusters) that promote radical formation and sulfur transfer, respectively. Most information concerning LIAS and its mechanism has been determined from prokaryotic enzymes. Herein, we detail the expression, isolation, and characterization of human LIAS, its reactivity, and evaluation of natural iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster reconstitution mechanisms. Cluster donation by a number of possible cluster donor proteins and heterodimeric complexes has been evaluated. [2Fe–2S]-cluster-bound forms of human ISCU and ISCA2 were found capable of reconstituting human LIAS, such that complete product turnover was enabled for LIAS, as monitored via a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) assay. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of native LIAS and substituted derivatives that lacked the ability to bind one or the other of LIAS’s two [4Fe–4S] clusters revealed a likely order of cluster addition, with the auxiliary cluster preceding the reducing [4Fe–4S] center. These results detail the trafficking of Fe–S clusters in human cells and highlight differences with respect to bacterial LIAS analogs. Likely in vivo Fe–S cluster donors to LIAS are identified, with possible connections to human disease states, and a mechanistic ordering of [4Fe–4S] cluster reconstitution is evident. 相似文献
6.
G. R. List C. D. Evans W. F. Kwolek K. Warner B. K. Boundy J. C. Cowan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1974,51(2):17-21
The anisidine test, a measure of secondary oxidation products in glyceride oils, was applied to a number of soybean salad oils processed from sound and damaged soybeans. A highly significant correlation (−0.68) was found between the anisidine values of salad oils from sound soybeans and their flavor scores. Multiple correlations between flavor scores, anisidine, and peroxide values yielded a correlation of 0.81 and provided a method for predicting the initial flavor scores of sound soybean salad oils. Similar data for oils from damaged beans gave a highly significant, but lower, correlation (−0.65). Comparative studies indicated that sound crude oils usually contain lower levels of oxidation products than damaged crude. Oxidation in both sound and damaged crudes increased roughly in proportion to iron content. Reproducibility of the test and the effects of hydrogenation, accelerated storage, and fluorescent light on anisidine values were studied. Analysis of damaged oils before and after deodorization showed that little, if any, reduction of anisidine value occurred. Deodorization of sound oils, however, lowered anisidine values. In comparison with damaged oils, the anisidine values of sound oils were lower at comparable stages of processing. The poor quality of damaged soybean oil was substantiated by organoleptic evaluations. Flavor scores of oils given special processing treatments increased as anisidine values decreased. 相似文献
7.
M. J. Danzig J. L. O'Donnell E. W. Bell J. C. Cowan H. M. Teeter 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1957,34(3):136-138
Summary Soybean fatty acids were conjugated with alkali, and the contained, conjugated dienoic acids were isomerized with iodine to
thetrans,trans configuration. Adducts were prepared from thesetrans,trans-conjugated acids by condensation with maleic anhydride and acrylic acid. The adducts were isolated, purified, and converted
to esters by using a variety of alcohols, including methyl, ethyl,n-propyl,n-butyl, and allyl alcohols. Esters made from saturated alcohols were converted into the corresponding epoxy derivatives.
All of the esters (except allyl) and all of the epoxy esters were compatible with an equal weight of polyvinyl chloride and
appeared to be primary plasticizers for this plastic. The epoxy esters were effective in inhibiting heat deterioration of
polyvinyl chloride.
Presented at fall meeting. American Oil Chemists' Society, September 23–26, 1956, Chicago, Ill. 相似文献
8.
L. E. Gast W. L. Kubie J. C. Cowan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(12):807-810
Penetrations of concrete specimens by solutions of boiled linseed oil in mineral spirits and emulsions of boiled linseed oil
were measured. Concrete specimens were cured with polyethylene sheet (removable) and wax-based and resin-based compounds prior
to penetration tests. Penetration was greatest at 35 days and least at four and seven days after curing. Penetration at 105
days was only slightly less at 35 days. Maximum penetrations were obtained with solutions more dilute than 50 volume per cent
of linseed oil in mineral spirits. Penetrations on polyethylene-, wax- or resin-cured specimens varied from 1.5 to 3 mm when
50 volume per cent linseed oil solution or emulsion was spread on the specimen at the rate of 0.16 lb/yd2.
Presented before Committee MC-B4 at the Highway Research Board Meeting, Washington, D.C., January, 1970.
No. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
9.
W. R. Miller E. W. Bell J. C. Cowan H. M. Teeter 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1961,38(5):235-237
The reaction of dimethyl maleate and some related dienophiles with vegetable oils under pressure has been studied successfully.
When safflower oil reacts with 100% excess maleate, sulfur dioxide catalyst, and hydroquinone inhibitor at 290° for 1hr.,
80 to 90% yields of adduct fraction, based on linoleate, are obtained. Under the same conditions almost equally good yields
result with either linseed or soybean oils. With safflower oil, dimethyl fumarate gave slightly lower yields. Di-n-butyl maleate gave even poorer yields, and much residue was formed.
Paper II in a series entitled, “Reactions of Dienophiles with Vegetable Oils”. Presented at annual meeting, American Oil Chemists'
Society, St. Louis, Mo., May 1–3, 1961.
This is a laboratory of the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture. 相似文献
10.