蒸汽预热混合料技术在柳钢2#360 m2烧结机的运用

为提高料温和改善烧结过程的透气性,柳钢2~#360 m~2烧结机通过内嵌式余热锅炉并利用大烟道的余热产生过热蒸汽来预热混合料。生产实践表明,技术使用后,烧结机利用系数提高0. 12 t/m~2·h,煤气消耗降低0. 63 m3~/t,电耗下降1. 1 k W·h/t,取得了可观的经济效益。     

脆硫锑铅矿的低温熔盐冶炼工艺及机制研究

研究了以ZnO为固硫剂,碳粉为还原剂,Na₂CO₃、NaCl混合物熔盐为熔炼介质,对脆硫锑铅矿进行固硫还原反应制备锑铅合金,并探讨了冶炼机制。结果表明：在900～1 000℃下,固硫还原反应可以进行;熔渣中有ZnS生成,起到了固硫作用;在熔炼温度900℃、熔炼时间90 min、ZnO用量为矿石质量1.05倍、碳粉用量为矿石质量0.3倍、熔盐为反应物总质量3倍、熔盐组成为Na₂CO₃和NaCl质量比6∶4条件下,锑铅合金直收率达79%,其中锑质量分数为42%,铅质量分数为46%;该法可将矿石中的S元素以ZnS形式固定,避免了含硫废气的排放,且作为熔盐的Na₂CO₃和NaCl可再次回收,有利于实现环境友好和资源回收利用。     

Preparation of pure SbCl3 from lead anode slime bearing high antimony and low silver

A novel treatment process of lead anode slime bearing high antimony and low silver was developed by a potential-controlled chloridization leaching and continuous distillation.The experimental results show a high Sb 3+ concentration,489.2 g/L,in the leaching solution for two-stage countercurrent leaching process,and the leaching rates of Sb,Cu,Bi more than 99% when the potential is controlled at 450 mV.When the leaching solution is distillated and concentrated at 120°C,almost all the silicon compound is evaporated into the concentration distillate and exists as amorphous hydrated silica.By the continuous distillation,high pure SbCl3 could be prepared,and AsCl3 is enriched in the distillate while metals Bi,Cu are enriched in the continuous distillation residue.As a result,the recovery rate of Sb is more than 95%.     

硫化锑矿冶金研究进展论述

现行锑冶炼主要采用“鼓风炉挥发-反射炉还原熔炼”工艺,主要存在以下两大问题：一是会产生低浓度SO₂烟气;二是生成铅单质及其他有害物质,均对环境造成污染。因此,迫切需要开发一种新的清洁固硫工艺。本文对硫化锑的固硫剂、熔盐成分、锑渣分离及回收利用等进行了论述,介绍了现如今硫化锑低温清洁固硫方式的优缺点及研究进展,并对硫化锑冶炼过程提出了几点注意事项,最后指出了低温、清洁、可回收利用是当今硫化锑冶炼的主要方向。     

高锑低银类铅阳极泥制备五氯化锑新工艺

研究采用控电氯化浸出-低压连续蒸馏-氧化结晶法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥制备五氯化锑的新工艺.结果表明:稀盐酸酸洗可有效去除铅阳极泥中的氟和硅:当溶液电位控制在430 mV以上时,阳极泥中锑、铜和铋的浸出率均大于99%,浸出液中三价锑离子的浓度高达310 g/L,浸出液经冷却结晶后银的入渣率为91.12%,铅的入渣率为96.35%;当蒸馏温度为190℃时,蒸馏余物中三氯化锑已接近无水三氯化锑熔盐,无水三氯化锑熔盐通氯氧化-结晶分离所获得的五氯化锑产品质量完全达到试剂级产品的要求,而金属铁、铋和铜等均残留在结晶分离残渣中,锑的回收率大于95%.     

Thermodynamic analysis of separating lead and antimony in chloride system

In chloride system, thermodynamic analysis is a useful guide to separate lead and antimony as well as to understand the separation mechanism. An efficient and feasible way for separating lead and antimony was discussed. The relationships of [Pb2+][Cl-]2-lg[Cl]T and E-lg[Cl]T in Pb-Sb-Cl-H2O system were studied, and the solubilities of lead chloride at different antimony concentrations were calculated based on principle of simultaneous equilibrium. The results show that insoluble salt PbCl2 will only exist stably in a certain concentration range of chlorine ion. This concentration range of chlorine ion expands a little with increasing the concentration of antimony in the system while narrows as the system acidity increases. The solubility of Pb2+ in solution decreases with increasing the concentration of antimony in the system, whereas increases with increasing the concentration of total chlorine. The concentration range of total chlorine causing lead solubility less than 0.005 mol/L increases monotonically.     

基于超结构模型的铅阳极泥制备锑白工艺水网络优化

为降低铅阳极泥回收工艺过程中废水排放对环境的影响,以高锑低银类铅阳极泥湿法制备锑白为研究对象,构造针对过程盐酸减排的水网络超结构,提出带反应单元的杂质物料平衡模型,建立水网络求解非线性规划问题,并通过实验数据调和整定用水与处理单元特征参数,求解非线性规划问题并根据最优解进行了工业装置路线设计。将该方法应用于铅阳极泥制备锑白工艺设计时,可将废水中酸和有毒金属的排放浓度控制到给定值以下,优化后水的重复利用率可达到87.4%;采用基于超结构的非线性规划对此工艺过程进行优化,可以获得合理的水网络结构,达到减排效果。     

软锰矿协同氧化浸出硫化渣回收锰钴镍工艺研究

以电解二氧化锰过程中硫化除重金属的硫化渣为原料,基于热力学分析结果,以稀硫酸为浸出剂,辅以软锰矿协同氧化浸出硫化渣,以回收其中的锰、钴、镍有价金属。考察了矿渣比、始酸浓度、液固比、反应温度对锰、钴、镍浸出率的影响。结果表明,适宜条件为：温度363.15 K、矿渣比0.08、始酸浓度90 g/L、反应时间180 min,锰、钴、镍的浸出率分别为93.5%、87.4%、86.3%。     

CIGS薄膜太阳能电池靶材的应用及制备

随着铜铟镓硒（CuInxGa1-x；Se2，CIGS）薄膜太阳能电池突飞猛进的发展，铜铟镓硒溅射靶材的需求越来越多。本文介绍了靶材的发展概况、应用情况以及靶材的特性要求，探讨了铜铟镓硒靶材的制备工艺，结果表明，产品能满足靶材特性要求。