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Maxillary sinusitis in adults: an evaluation of placebo-controlled double-blind trials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND: In general practice, acute sinusitis is frequently diagnosed
and treated with antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the
evidence for the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in acute maxillary
sinusitis in adults by assessing the methodological quality of
placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials. METHOD: An evaluation by
four raters through a 35-item scoring-scale for internal and external
validity of all placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trials on acute
sinusitis found between January 1966 and July 1996. RESULTS: Eighty-five
trials were excluded because they were not placebo-controlled,
double-blind, randomized, or were carried out in patients with chronic
sinusitis or in children. The three remaining trials were performed in
different populations (one in general practice) between 1973 and 1978. Only
one study claimed superiority of antibiotic treatment. Different inclusion
criteria and major outcome measures were used by the authors. The
reliability of major outcome events was reported poorly or not at all and
in two studies outcome measures were clinically inappropriate. The studies
scored 30-62% of the maximum attainable score for internal validity and
10-20% for external validity. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of antibiotic
treatment in acute maxillary sinusitis in a general practice population is
not based sufficiently on evidence.
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Aspects of control and substance use among middle‐aged and older adults with bipolar disorder 下载免费PDF全文
Marissa N. Stalman BSN Sarah L. Canham PhD Atiya Mahmood PhD David King PhD Norm O'Rourke PhD RPsych 《International journal of mental health nursing》2018,27(2):833-840
High prevalence rates of alcohol and substance use disorders have been reported among persons with bipolar disorder (BD). In the present study, we explored the daily experiences of middle‐aged and older adults living with BD who reported regular substance use and the ways in which participants expressed ‘control’ in relation to their use of alcohol and other substances. Semistructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants (nine women and three men), aged 36–57 years of age (mean = 49 years). Thematic analyses identified emergent themes and patterns in participants’ life histories. The theme of ‘control’ emerged as central to participants’ reports, and was organized into four categories: (i) substance use to control BD symptoms; (ii) substance use provides a sense of being in control; (iii) methods of controlled substance use; and (iv) not having control: overreliance on substances. Implications of the present study include the need for nurses to openly discuss the use of alcohol and other drugs with persons with BD, provide health information and screening, and determine whether persons with BD feel they have control over their substance use. Several lines of research with persons who have BD and use substances are suggested. 相似文献
4.
van Isterdael CE van Essen GA Kuyvenhoven MM Hoes AW Stalman WA de Wit NJ 《Journal of clinical epidemiology》2004,57(6):633-637
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the notification by general practitioners (GPs) to the Municipal Health Service (MHS) and the presentation of measles complaints by patients to the GP during a measles epidemic in a 78% vaccinated population. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Measles cases in children under 13 years were identified via questionnaires, GPs' records, and MHS's records. Consultation rate, notification rate, and completeness of notification were determined. Determinants of consultation were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 1654 responders, 164 measles cases were identified. Consultation rate: 30%; notification rate: 30% (range among GPs: 0-62%); completeness of notification: 9%. Determinants of GP consultation: perceived seriousness of illness (adjusted OR 45; 95% CI: 6-347), self-reported complications (adjusted OR 9; 95% CI: 1-70), and need to consult for respiratory tract infections (adjusted OR 8; 95% CI: 1-51). CONCLUSION: Incidence estimations based on the notification by GPs to the MHS are suboptimal for measles in The Netherlands. Perceived seriousness of illness seemed to be the most important factor to consult. 相似文献
5.
Laura MC Welschen Patricia van Oppen Jacqueline M Dekker Lex M Bouter Wim AB Stalman Giel Nijpels 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):74
Background
In patients with type 2 diabetes, the risk for cardiovascular disease is substantial. To achieve a more favourable risk profile, lifestyle changes on diet, physical activity and smoking status are needed. This will involve changes in behaviour, which is difficult to achieve. Cognitive behavioural therapies focussing on self-management have been shown to be effective. We have developed an intervention combining techniques of Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Problem Solving Treatment (PST). The aim of our study is to investigate if adding a combined behavioural intervention to managed care, is effective in achieving changes in lifestyle and cardiovascular risk profile. 相似文献6.
Borgsteede SD Deliens L Beentjes B Schellevis F Stalman WA Van Eijk JT Van der Wal G 《Palliative medicine》2007,21(5):417-423
Most people with an incurable disease prefer to stay and die at home, cared for by their general practitioner (GP). This paper aims at describing the prevalence of symptoms in patients receiving palliative care at home. Within the framework of a nation wide survey of general practice in the Netherlands, GPs received a questionnaire for all patients who died within the 1-year survey period to determine whether patients received palliative care (n = 2,194). The response rate was 73% (n = 1,608), and 38% of these patients received palliative care until death. Information regarding encounters during the last 3 months of life was derived from the records kept by the GPs. Digestive symptoms (59%) and pain (56%) were the most prevalent. The total number of symptoms per patient was higher in cancer patients (11.99) than in non-cancer patients (7.62). Not reported in previous studies were musculoskeletal symptoms (20%) and chronic ulcer (18%). Concluding, this showed that Dutch GPs encounter a diversity and wide range of symptoms in palliative care. To face these complex challenges in patients receiving palliative care at home, GPs have to be trained as well as supported by specialized palliative care consultants. 相似文献
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Petra Jellema Nicole van der Roer Daniëlle A. W. M. van der Windt Maurits W. van Tulder Henriëtte E. van der Horst Wim A. B. Stalman Lex M. Bouter 《European spine journal》2007,16(11):1812-1821
An intervention that can prevent low back pain (LBP) becoming chronic, may not only prevent great discomfort for patients,
but also save substantial costs for the society. Psychosocial factors appear to be of importance in the transition of acute
to chronic LBP. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of an intervention aimed at psychosocial factors
to usual care in patients with (sub)acute LBP. The study design was an economic evaluation alongside a cluster-randomized
controlled trial, conducted from a societal perspective with a follow-up of 1 year. Sixty general practitioners in 41 general
practices recruited 314 patients with non-specific LBP of less than 12 weeks’ duration. General practitioners in the minimal
intervention strategy (MIS) group explored and discussed psychosocial prognostic factors. Usual care (UC) was not protocolized.
Clinical outcomes were functional disability (Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire), perceived recovery and health-related
quality of life (EuroQol). Cost data consisted of direct and indirect costs and were measured by patient cost diaries and
general practitioner registration forms. Complete cost data were available for 80% of the patients. Differences in clinical
outcomes between both the groups were small and not statistically significant. Differences in cost data were in favor of MIS.
However, the complete case analysis and the sensitivity analyses with imputed cost data were inconsistent with regard to the
statistical significance of this difference in cost data. This study presents conflicting points of view regarding the cost-effectiveness
of MIS. We conclude that (Dutch) general practitioners, as yet, should not replace their usual care by this new intervention. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Earlier reports suggest limited clinical reasoning and substantial uncertainty of GPs in assessing patients suspected of dementia. OBJECTIVE: To explore the predictors of GPs to decide on the presence and absence of dementia as well as the predictors of diagnostic confidence of GPs. DESIGN: An observational study was set up among 107 patients of 64 GPs. The GPs were instructed to use the Dutch national dementia guideline on consecutive patients newly suspected of dementia and to register their assessment on a detailed form. The predictors of the presence and absence of dementia according to the GPs and their diagnostic confidence were explored by logistic regression analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dependent variables: (i) presence and absence of dementia according to GPs and (ii) diagnostic confidence. Independent variables: clinical (cognitive, behavioural, somatic, functional), applications of recommendations, patient related and GP related. RESULTS: Dementia was diagnosed in 67% of the suspected patients. The presence of dementia according to the GPs was positively associated with observed impairment of the higher cognitive functions, absence of depression and female gender of patients. The GPs expressed diagnostic confidence in 58% of the cases. This was positively associated with application of recommendations, ADL dependency, longer duration, informant availability, restless behaviour and a patient's female gender. Use of the Mini Mental Status Examination was not associated with confidence. CONCLUSIONS: GPs seem to base the diagnosis of dementia on rational grounds. Application of the dementia guideline's recommendations may contribute to more diagnostic confidence. 相似文献
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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or acetaminophen for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee? A systematic review of evidence and guidelines 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wegman A van der Windt D van Tulder M Stalman W de Vries T 《The Journal of rheumatology》2004,31(2):344-354
OBJECTIVE: The interpretation of available evidence on the relative efficacy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and acetaminophen in osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been debated. This systematic review summarizes the available evidence on the efficacy of NSAID compared to acetaminophen, and compares the quality and content of clinical guidelines regarding the pharmacological treatment of OA. METHODS: Published reports of randomized controlled trials (RCT) and clinical guidelines were identified by a systematic search of bibliographic databases and relevant websites. The quality of RCT was assessed by 2 reviewers independently using a standardized checklist. Data from these RCT were used to calculate pooled differences between groups for pain and disability. The methodology of identified guidelines was appraised using the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) instrument. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in the identification of 5 RCT. Statistical pooling of data from 3 trials with adequate methods and sufficient data presentation resulted in a pooled standardized mean difference for general pain of 0.33 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.51), indicating a small effect in favor of NSAID. Pooled estimates for other outcome measures were smaller. Three of the 9 identified guidelines satisfied more AGREE criteria than others, particularly regarding rigor of development. Stakeholder involvement, applicability, and editorial independence were poorly described in most guidelines. The content of recommendations regarding the use of NSAID or acetaminophen was fairly consistent. CONCLUSION: Acetaminophen is often effective in OA and is associated with fewer adverse reactions than NSAID. Available evidence supports the recommendations of recent guidelines to use acetaminophen as initial therapy for OA in addition to nonpharmacological interventions. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy of NSAID or acetaminophen in relevant subgroups of patients. We agree with guidelines that it is important that treatment is tailored to individual patients taking into account the severity of symptoms, previous use of acetaminophen, and the patient's knowledge, expectations, and preferences. 相似文献