In an in vitro study, 10 gallbladders of adult pigs and 6 gallbladders of lambs, all removed immediately after slaughtering, were stimulated in a water bath by electric means to induce active contraction. Gallbladder emptying was followed by ultrasonography employing five measurement procedures: (1) gallbladder width, (2) longitudinal planimetry, (3) transverse planimetry, (4) ellipsoid method, and (5) sum of cylinders method. In an in vivo investigation, gallbladder emptying of 30 volunteers (12 healthy subjects, 18 diabetics) was evaluated in the same way after ingestion of a fatty meal. Gallbladder width was found to be unsuitable to estimate the decrease in gallbladder volume due to a nonlinear relation of the parameters. Longitudinal planimetry tended to be less valid than transverse planimetry in assessing gallbladder volume reduction. The most valid estimation of gallbladder volume decreases was obtained by the two three-dimensional procedures. However, in neither in vitro nor in vivo could a significant difference between the sum of cylinders method and the ellipsoid method in determining relative volume reduction be established. We conclude that a three-dimensional measurement procedure should be used for valid assessments of gallbladder motility. However, according to our data there is no advantage in using the time-consuming sum of cylinders method compared to the simple ellipsoid method. 相似文献
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse possible intra- and postoperative complications and long-term results in combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of mentally handicapped patients compared with a control group of patients without handicap. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A group of 20 mentally handicapped patients (male = 7, female = 13) and of 102 non-handicapped patients (male = 36, female = 66) were evaluated retrospectively. The results of the two point-discrimination sensory test and the cephalometric findings of both groups were assessed. Complications during and after the operation, the results of nerve function tests and relapse rates were reported. The statistical analysis was carried out using binary logistical regression analysis with adjustment according to the diagnosis and the type of operation (p < 0.05) RESULTS: No significant differences could be found between the mentally handicapped and the non-handicapped patients. Only the nerve function test immediately postoperatively revealed differences between the two patient groups. The relapse rate in mentally handicapped patients was similar to non-handicapped patients. Forty-seven months after the operation, relapse (change in the ANB angle of more than 0.5 degrees ) was observed in four patients only (handicapped patients). CONCLUSION: Orthognathic surgical procedures in mentally handicapped patients can be carried out with a similarly high success rate as in mentally healthy patients. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Daten aus dem Nationalen Gesundheitssurvey wird die Frage diskutiert, inwieweit Angaben zu Krankheiten in einer Befragung zur Abschätzung von Prävalenzen für eine Gesundheitsberichterstattung herangezogen werden können. An dem Beispiel der Selbstangaben zum Herzinfarkt wird die Reliabilität und Plausibilität solcher Daten untersucht. Abschliessend werden diese Zahlen Daten aus anderen Quellen, wie dem Herzinfarkt-Register und Fragebogenerhebungen, gegenübergestellt, um beurteilen zu können, ob die Raten plausibel sind Da jedoch auch die anderen Datenquellen ihre Schwächen und Defizite haben, wird der Nutzen von krankheitsbezogenen Selbsteinschätzungen zum Herzinfarkt insgesamt als positiv bewertet, weil damit auch Beziehungen zu sozialen und verhaltensbezogenen Merkmalen untersucht werden können.
Summary With the data of the German National Health Survey the question is discussed, if self-reports on diseases, gained in a survey, are useful for estimating prevalences within the German population. Self-reports on myocardial infarction serve as an example for examining the reliability and plausibility of such data. The prevalence rate for myocardial infarction in this survey is compared with prevalence rates of other data sources as the MONICA-register and surveys. Because these other data sources have some problems and deficits according to their validity too, the value of self-reports on diseases from the National Health Survey is seen positively for establishing a health reporting system.
Résumé Les données de l'Enquête Nationale de la Santé en RFA sont discutées. La question est de savoir siles données subjectives de l'infarctus du myocarde peuvent être utilisées pour estimer des prévalences dans la population allemande. Dans cette étude les problèmes de compatibilité des données d'un questionnaire sont examinées et comparées avec des études similaires. Carles relevés du registre de l'infarctus du myocarde et d'autres enquêtes ont aussi des problèmes de validité, les données subjectives de l'Enquête Nationale sont jugées positivement pour estimer des prévalences de l'infarctus du myocarde. Avecces données il est posible en outre, d'analyser des prévalences se référant aux indicateurs sociaux et concernant une ligne de conduite pour la santé.
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome. There is evidence for a genetic contribution to the pathophysiology of heart failure. Considering the fundamental role of neurohormonal factors in the pathophysiology and progression of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, variants of genes involved in this system are logical candidate genes in heart failure. In this report, genetic polymorphisms of the major neurohormonal systems in heart failure will be discussed. Studies on polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), adrenergic receptor polymorphisms, endothelin (receptor) polymorphisms, and a group of miscellaneous polymorphisms that may be involved in the development or phenotypic expression of heart failure will be reviewed. Research on left ventricular hypertrophy is also included. The majority of genetic association studies focused on the ACE I/D polymorphism. Initial genetic associations have often been difficult to replicate, mainly due to problems in study design and lack of power. Promising results have been obtained with genetic polymorphisms of the RAAS and sympathetic system. Considering the evidence so far, a modifying role for these polymorphisms seems more likely than a role of these variants as susceptibility genes. Besides the need for larger studies to examine the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes, future studies also need to focus on the complexity of these systems and study gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions. 相似文献
We have identified three families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (VulMITEs) in the genome of sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris L.), evidently derived from a member of the Vulmar family of mariner transposons. While VulMITEs I are typical stowaway-like MITEs, VulMITEs II and VulMITEs III are rearranged stowaway elements of increased size. The integration of divergent moderately and highly repetitive sequences into VulMITEs II and,
in particular in VulMITEs III, respectively, shows that amplification of repetitive DNA by MITEs contribute to the increase
of genome size with possible implications for plant genome evolution. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), for the first time visualizing stowaway MITE distribution on plant chromosomes, revealed a dispersed localization of VulMITEs along all B. vulgaris chromosomes. Analysis of the flanking sequences identified a dispersed repeat as target site for the integration of the stowaway element VulMITE I. Recent transposition of VulMITE I, which most likely occurred during the domestication of cultivated beets, was concluded from insertional polymorphisms between
different B. vulgaris cultivars and species.
†Sequence data from this article have been deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Data Library under the accession nos. AM231630-AM231653
and AM259123-AM259125. 相似文献
Factors of IT adoption have largely been discussed in the literature. However, existing frameworks (such as TAM or TTF) are
failing to include one important aspect, the interaction between user and task. 相似文献
Background: The cardiac safety of droperidol given at antiemetic doses is a matter of debate. Although droperidol potently inhibits human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channels, the molecular mode of this interaction is unknown. The role of amino acid residues typically mediating high-affinity block of HERG channels is unclear. It is furthermore unresolved whether droperidol at antiemetic concentrations induces action potential prolongation and arrhythmogenic early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes.
Methods: Molecular mechanisms of HERG current inhibition by droperidol were established using two-electrode voltage clamp recordings of Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing wild-type and mutant channels. The mutants T623A, S624A, V625A, Y652A, and F656A were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The effect of droperidol on action potentials was investigated in cardiac myocytes isolated from guinea pig hearts using the patch clamp technique.
Results: Droperidol inhibited currents through HERG wild-type channels with a concentration of half-maximal inhibition of 0.6-0.9 [mu]m. Droperidol shifted the channel activation and the steady state inactivation toward negative potentials while channel deactivation was not affected. Current inhibition increased with membrane potential and with increasing duration of current activation. Inhibition of HERG channels was similarly reduced by all mutations. Droperidol at concentrations between 5 and 100 nm prolonged whereas concentrations greater than 300 nm shortened action potentials. Early afterdepolarizations were not observed. 相似文献
Childhood psoriasis is a disease with manifold clinical presentations which can make the correct diagnosis sometimes difficult. In a female infant, slightly itching, erythematous papules and plaques with discrete scaling spread over large parts of the integument starting from age three months. Histological examination supported the diagnosis of exanthematous infantile psoriasis. Topical treatment with dithranol in petrolatum led to slow clearance of the skin lesions. 相似文献
Osteoarthritis (OA) is highly prevalent and has substantial impact on quality of life as well as on healthcare costs. The
general practitioner (GP) often is the first care provider for patients with this chronic disease. The aim of this study was
to identify health care needs of patients with OA and to reveal possible obstacles for improvements in primary care management
of OA patients. 相似文献