Proteinasen-Inhibitoren in Lebensmitteln

Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Erbsen (Pisum sativum), Bohnen (Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus, Vicia faba) und eine Platterbse (Lathyrus odoratus) wurden auf Trypsin-und Chymotrypsin-Inhibitoren untersucht. Alle Proben enthalten Inhibitoren und zwar steigende Mengen in der Reihe (Trypsin-Inhibitor-Einheiten, TIE^cas × 10³ pro mg Schrot/Chymotrypsin-Inhibitor-Einheiten, CTIE^cas × 10³ pro mg Schrot) :Pisum sativum (7–13/8–15),Vicia faba (13–16/4),Lathyrus odoratus (19/9),Phaseolus vulgaris (36–58/28–39),Phaseolus coccineus (62–70/39–42). Das Verhältnis TIE^cas/CTIE^cas scheint spezifisch für die jeweilige Art zu sein: FürPisum liegt es bei 0,9, fürPhaseolus bei 1,5 und fürVicia bei 3,5. Beim Erhitzen von Extrakten auf 95°C über 60 min werden die Inhibitoren der Erbsen völlig inaktiviert. Bei den meisten Bohnen liegen die Restaktivitäten zwischen 20 und 60%. Besonders stabil waren die Inhibitoren einer Ackerbohne (Vicia faba) und einer Buschbohne (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. nanus).Herrn Prof. Dr. J.Schormüller zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. Für die Durchführung eines Teils der Analysen danken wir Frau A.Fuchs und Frau K.Rauert.     

Ferromagnetic Resonance in Ga1−x Mn x As

We report on ferromagnetic resonance measurements of Ga_1?x Mn _x As thin films with Mn contents 0.022 ≤ x ≤ 0.051. For x ≥ 0.036 and the external magnetic field normal to the thin film, we observe several resonances, which we identify as spin wave resonances. The non-quadratic mode spacing can be consistently explained by a linear gradient in the magnetic properties of the films. From the measurements, the exchange constant A can be deduced for different Mn contents x.     

Waveform coding for low-power digital filtering of speech data

This paper evaluates waveform coding techniques known from low bit-rate communication for their usefulness in low-power digital FIR filtering of speech signals. The encodings considered include linear PCM, PCM with adaptive and logarithmic quantization, and differential PCM, combined with two's-complement and sign-magnitude number representation. Selected implementation aspects for each alternative are discussed. Experimental results are presented to quantify potential power savings subject to statistical signal properties and operating conditions. Guidelines for the choice of encoding in application-specific digital signal processing of speech data are provided.     

A study of rural Latino women seeking cancer-detection examinations

Not only the ovarian steroids but a number of proteins have an effect on the endometrium and its capability to accept an implanting embryo and to establish a pregnancy. In this study we have selected the placental protein 14 (PP14) which is, in spite of its name, produced by the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was also investigated. This marker is trophoblast-specific but it has been chosen since some patients repeatedly exhibit weak but detectable serum SP1 when no embryo is present. There seems to be a negative correlation between the chance of obtaining a pregnancy and the occurrence of such abnormal serum SP1 signals; they could originate from the endometrium itself or from another maternal source influencing the endometrium indirectly. The full-cycle time course was determined for these two proteins as well as for estradiol and progesterone. A total of 66 cycles were analyzed, of which 16 were from ovulating volunteers without any hormonal treatment (controls) and 13 were from women taking oral contraceptives. The remaining 37 cycles were from 32 patients undergoing conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Eight pregnancies were achieved in this group during the study period. We found that abnormal positive SP1 signals occurred predominantly in the unsuccessful IVF subgroup, but also in the control groups (with or without contraceptive pills), and this in a cycle-independent manner. PP14, on the other hand, exhibited cyclic patterns in the IVF and ovulating control cycles as did progesterone. However, in seven out of 13 cycles under oral contraception (and suppressed progesterone), a midcycle rise in PP14 was observed. Moreover, midcycle PP14 levels were generally higher in this group when compared to the ovulating controls as well as to the cycles under controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF. This confirms that PP14 is influenced by progesterone but only in an indirect way or under the additional effect of other hormones. It is unlikely that SP1 plays this role since it was not correlated to any of the other proteins or steroids studied. Nevertheless, SP1 did not occur randomly over the different groups.     

深入了解赛灵思System Generator中的时间参数

针对基于模型的设计,本文提出了采用赛灵思为DSP提供的SystemGenerator工具的系统化解决方案,详细介绍和分析了其中的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器以及各时间参数的定义和选择.     

Setup and Test of a Laser Doppler Velocimeter for Investigations of Flow Behaviour of Polymer Melts

The flow behaviour of a low-density polyethylene melt is investigated in a specifically developed flow channel by means of Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). The used flow channel is a slit die with a planar contraction of 14:1. The investigation of the velocity fields was performed in the steady state of flow. The optics of the LDV system as well as the used frequency analyser proved to be reliable for measurements of velocities down to 250μm/s. By adding TiO₂ tracer particles to the pellets the signal quality as well as the signal frequency were improved. It is demonstrated that the Laser Doppler Velocimeter is suited to detect velocities of polymer melts with an error of a few per cent by comparing the measured volume flow rate to the directly determined mass flow rate. Using simple fluid mechanics the viscosity function is obtained by measuring only one velocity profile within the fully developed flow in the slit die. Over a wide range of shear rates the viscosity function obtained via LDV measurement corresponds with the viscosity function which was determined by the classical mass-flow-rate method. Both resulting viscosity functions were additionally checked by performing measurements with a capillary rheometer. The LDV setup described in this paper is a powerful experimental tool to investigate the flow behaviour of polymer melts. Its accuracy and the high spatial and temporal resolution opens a way to get more quantitative insight into the flow of polymer melts and to check the validity of model calculations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preoperative determination of the probability of a pulmocardiac insufficiency after resection of the lung

Pneumonectomy is endangered above all by pulmocardial insufficiency. Its probability can be calculated in advance by a simple formula and a nomogram. With the help of a special mathematical method the most important functional parameters have been investigated and the formula and nomogram have been derived. The safety of the prediction comes up to the demands of biostatistical significance.     

Ferromagnetic Resonance in Ga1?xMnxAs

We report on ferromagnetic resonance measurements of Ga_1–x Mn _x As thin films with Mn contents 0.022 x 0.051. For x 0.036 and the external magnetic field normal to the thin film, we observe several resonances, which we identify as spin wave resonances. The non-quadratic mode spacing can be consistently explained by a linear gradient in the magnetic properties of the films. From the measurements, the exchange constant A can be deduced for different Mn contents x.