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1.
Zhigao Xia Ullrich Klckner Bernhard Fell 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1996,98(9):313-321
Hydroformylation of mono and multiple unsaturated fatty substances with heterogenized cobaltcarbonyl and rhodiumcarbonyl catalysts. Heterogenized cobalt and rhodiumcarbonyl catalyst systems can be used for the hydroformylation of mono and polyunsatured fatty substances in a technically simple and satisfying manner to useful chemical intermediates. The used solid tert. phosphane complex ligands have a silicate matrix and therefore they are also suitable for the cobalt catalyzed hydroformylation which is best performed at temperatures of 160–180oC. The cobalt catalyzed reaction gives with polyunsaturated fatty substances almost only products with monofunctionalized fatty acid chains. Whereas, the rhodium catalyzed reaction gives with linolic acid compounds inhomogeneous mixtures of mono- and diformyl derivatives of these fatty substances. The heterogenized rhodium carbonyl catalyst systems therefore seem to be more suitable for the hydroformylation of monounsaturated compounds. This is also true for rhodiumcarbonylsupported aqueous phase-catalysts which give likewise mixtures of mono and diformyl derivatives in the hydroformylation of polyunsaturated fatty substances. In batch process after the complete conversion of the olefin and reduction of the CO/H2-pressure the loss of catalyst metal from the support is negligible and in most cases below the detection limit (<1 ppm). 相似文献
2.
A. Goyal E. D. Specht Z. L. Wang D. M. Kroeger J. A. Sutliff J. E. Tkaczyk J. A. Deluca L. Masur G. N. Riley 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1994,23(11):1191-1197
Microstructural origins for reduced weak-link behavior in high-Jc melt-processed YBCO, spray pyrolyzed thick films of Tl-1223, metallic precursor Y-124 polycrystalline powder-in-tube (PIT)
wires and PIT Bi-2212/2223 are discussed. Since the materials studied are the highest Jc, polycrystalline, high-Tc superconductors fabricated worldwide, the results provide important guidelines for further improvements in superconducting
properties, thereby enabling practical applications of these materials. It is found that strongly linked current flow within
domains of melt-processed 123 occurs effectively through a single crystal path. In c-axis oriented, polycrystalline Tl-1223
thick films, local in-plane texture has been found to play a crucial role in the reduced weak-link behavior. Formation of
“colonies” of grains with a common c-axis and modest in-plane misorientation was observed. Furthermore, a colony boundary
in general has a varying misorientation along the boundary. Large regions comprised primarily of low angle boundaries were
observed. Percolative transport through a network of such small angle boundaries appears to provide the nonweak-linked current
path. Although powder-in-tube BSCCO 2212 and 2223 also appear to have a “colony” microstructure, there are some important
differences. Colonies in BSCCO consist of stacks of grains with similar c-axis orientation in contrast to colonies in Tl-1223
films where few grains are stacked on top of one another. Furthermore, most grains within a colony in BSCCO have the same
lateral dimensions as that of the colony, resulting largely largely in “twist” boundaries. Further microstructural characterization
of high-Jc PIT 2212 and 2223 is currently underway. In the case of Y-124 wires, weak macroscopic in-plane texture is found. Additional
measurements are underway to determine if a sharper, local in-plane texture also exists. It is found that in three of the
four types of superconductors studied, reduced weak-link behavior can be ascribed to some degree of biaxial alignment between
grains, either on a “local” or a “global” scale. 相似文献
3.
Lutgendorf Susan K.; Russell Daniel; Ullrich Philip; Harris Tamara B.; Wallace Robert 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,23(5):465
This study prospectively examined the relationship between religious attendance, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and mortality rates in a community-based sample of 557 older adults. Attending religious services more than once weekly was a significant predictor of lower subsequent 12-year mortality and elevated IL-6 levels (> 3.19 pg/mL), with a mortality ratio of .32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15,0.72; p 相似文献
4.
Y. Xu A. Goyal K.J. Leonard E.D. Specht D. Shi M. Paranthaman 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(3):914-920
YBa2 Cu3 O7− δ (YBCO or Y123) films on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) were prepared via a fluorine-free metallorganic deposition (MOD) through spin coating, burnout, and high temperature anneal. The effects of substrate texture and surface energy of the CeO2 cap layer were investigated. Except for the commonly accepted key factors, such as the textures of substrate and buffer layers, we found some other factors, for example, the deposition temperature of the cap layer, are also critical to the epitaxial growth of Y123 phase. With the CeO2 cap layer deposited at relative high temperature of 700°C, a critical current density, J c , over 1 MA/cm2 has been demonstrated for the first time on Ni-RABiTS by a fluorine-free MOD method. Whereas for samples with CeO2 cap layers deposited at a lower temperature of 600°C, even though XRD data showed a better texture on these buffer layers, texture degradations of YBCO grains under the optimized processing conditions were observed and a lower oxygen partial pressure around 40 ppm was necessary for the epitaxial growth of Y123 phase. As a result, J c fell to 0.45 MA/cm2 at 77 K. The observed phenomena points to the change of surface energy and reactivity of the CeO2 cap layer with respect to the CeO2 deposition temperature. In this paper, the YBCO phase diagram was also summarized. 相似文献
5.
Identifying discriminating variables between teachers who fully integrate computers and teachers with limited integration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Mueller Eileen Wood Teena Willoughby Craig Ross Jacqueline Specht 《Computers & Education》2008,51(4):1523-1537
Given the prevalence of computers in education today, it is critical to understand teachers’ perspectives regarding computer integration in their classrooms. The current study surveyed a random sample of a heterogeneous group of 185 elementary and 204 secondary teachers in order to provide a comprehensive summary of teacher characteristics and variables that best discriminate between teachers who integrate computers and those who do not. Discriminant Function Analysis indicated seven variables for elementary teachers and six for secondary teachers (accounting for 74% and 68% of the variance, respectively) that discriminated between high and low integrators. Variables included positive teaching experiences with computers; teacher’s comfort with computers; beliefs supporting the use of computers as an instructional tool; training; motivation; support; and teaching efficacy. Implications for support of computer integration in the classroom are discussed. 相似文献
6.
A collaborative filtering framework based on both local user similarity and global user similarity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Collaborative filtering as a classical method of information retrieval has been widely used in helping people to deal with
information overload. In this paper, we introduce the concept of local user similarity and global user similarity, based on
surprisal-based vector similarity and the application of the concept of maximin distance in graph theory. Surprisal-based
vector similarity expresses the relationship between any two users based on the quantities of information (called surprisal) contained in their ratings. Global user similarity defines two users being similar if they can be connected through their
locally similar neighbors. Based on both of Local User Similarity and Global User Similarity, we develop a collaborative filtering
framework called LS&GS. An empirical study using the MovieLens dataset shows that our proposed framework outperforms other
state-of-the-art collaborative filtering algorithms. 相似文献
7.
Experiments were performed with an instrumented impact machine using different drop heights, on the nickel base alloy Inconel 625 in the as-received state and after heat treatment for about 3.6 Ms (1000 h) at 923 K (650°C). The absorbed impact energy can be obtained either by the direct dial reading, by the integration of the load versus load point displacement diagram or by the integration of the load versus time diagram, knowing the initial impact velocity v0 of the tup. In all cases the agreement was excellent. It is shown that.
- the dynamic fracture toughness is dependent on the tup velocity v0 and, as a consequence, on the total energy of the hammer at the different drop heights.
- defining a dynamic stress σ from the velocity dependence of the fracture toughness, the stress σ is higher for the embrittled material – a tendency verified by tensile tests.
- the dynamic fracture toughness can be correlated with the absorbed impact energy up to the load maximum for the heat treated material while the as-received material exhibits no such dependence.
8.
9.
James A. Dolan Raphael Dehmel Angela Demetriadou Yibei Gu Ulrich Wiesner Timothy D. Wilkinson Ilja Gunkel Ortwin Hess Jeremy J. Baumberg Ullrich Steiner Matthias Saba Bodo D. Wilts 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(2)
Optical metamaterials offer the tantalizing possibility of creating extraordinary optical properties through the careful design and arrangement of subwavelength structural units. Gyroid‐structured optical metamaterials possess a chiral, cubic, and triply periodic bulk morphology that exhibits a redshifted effective plasma frequency. They also exhibit a strong linear dichroism, the origin of which is not yet understood. Here, the interaction of light with gold gyroid optical metamaterials is studied and a strong correlation between the surface morphology and its linear dichroism is found. The termination of the gyroid surface breaks the cubic symmetry of the bulk lattice and gives rise to the observed wavelength‐ and polarization‐dependent reflection. The results show that light couples into both localized and propagating plasmon modes associated with anisotropic surface protrusions and the gaps between such protrusions. The localized surface modes give rise to the anisotropic optical response, creating the linear dichroism. Simulated reflection spectra are highly sensitive to minute details of these surface terminations, down to the nanometer level, and can be understood with analogy to the optical properties of a 2D anisotropic metasurface atop a 3D isotropic metamaterial. This pronounced sensitivity to the subwavelength surface morphology has significant consequences for both the design and application of optical metamaterials. 相似文献
10.
A.G. Ullrich 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1991,3(4):318-319
The author demonstrates the evaluation of the subhertz instantaneous linewidth of a nonplanar monolithic Nd:YAG ring laser emitting at 1064 nm with 3.9 mW output power from a precise heterodyne relative intensity noise (RIN) measurement. The relaxation resonant frequency, the maximum RIN density at the relaxation resonance, and the relaxation peak width are: 220 kHz, -83 dB/Hz, and 4.5 kHz, respectively, which yield an instantaneous linewidth of 80 mHz. The result is in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.<> 相似文献