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Mladen Brnčić Tomislav Bosiljkov Marko Ukrainczyk Branko Tripalo Suzana Rimac Brnčić Sven Karlović Damir Karlović Damir Ježek Dražen Vikić Topić 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2011,4(7):1296-1306
Production of extrudates from cereals is an often-used technological process in today’s world food industry. Extrudates from
corn flour produced using the twin-screw extrusion process and enriched with whey protein concentrate represent high-quality
source of proteins and fats. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a valuable source of proteins and minerals is one of the highest-quality
components for possible extrudate enrichment. In this paper, the influence of various WPC addition and some extrusion process
parameters such as feed moisture content (
Q\textH\text2 \textO Q_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}} ) on physicochemical properties of directly expanded corn flour extrudates manufactured in twin-screw co-rotating extruder
was investigated. Whey protein concentrate was added in the following ratios 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% and water in 10.08, 12.18
and 14.28 L/h. Final composition of products is determined with measuring of protein, fat and water shares, water absorption
index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). With added WPC and with increase of water volume flow, there was a significant
rise in total protein, fat and water content in final products, as well as lowering of WSI and rising of WAI indexes. The
statistical analysis of the obtained data shows that the lowest WSI and the highest WAI had samples with the largest share
of WPC (22.5%) and water volume flow of 14.28 L/h. Colour is measured for each sample, and results were represented with hue
angle (H), chroma (C) and lightness (L) values. Process parameters, WPC and
Q\textH\text2 \textO Q_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}} influence the increase of saturation of C and lightness of L colour value, while H value stays unchanged. Mean value of H
was 90.14 ± 1.06, which corresponds to dominance of yellow colour of samples. 相似文献
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Corporate and academic communities have focused a great deal of attention on formalized approaches for creating, capturing, and propagating knowledge. Far less attention has been paid to the informal mechanisms that individuals share and employ to help them navigate complex processes in order to ‘get things done.’ In this paper, we examine the creation, use, and content of informal documents for supporting users of an enterprise resource planning system in a Fortune 500 company. We contend that such notes, which are commonly used for supporting information systems-related work, are an overlooked source of knowledgeability about organizational practices. This study is a first but necessary step in analyzing the types of information that can be derived from informal notes so that organizations can more fully utilize this largely untapped resource. 相似文献
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This paper describes work done to improve and validate the capability of fire dynamics simulator (FDS) to predict the dynamics of water mist sprays. Three single orifice and five multi-orifice spray heads are modeled with FDS based on information on the flow-rate, spray angle, operating pressure and experimentally determined particle size distribution. The capability of FDS to predict the drop size, velocity, mist flux and number concentration profiles within the spray cone is assessed. The effects of turbulence modeling on the predictions of the spray dynamics is investigated. The capability of FDS to predict the air entrainment by high-speed water sprays is validated using experiments in rectangular channels with open ends. 相似文献
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The paper presents a two-dimensional simulation study of a polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell with various shapes of grains inside the CIGS absorber layer. The grain boundaries (GBs) with a diverse valence-band offset (VBO) and the density of defect states (NtA) are considered so as to evaluate their effects on the performance of the CIGS cell. The numerical simulations show that a CIGS cell with column-like grains can achieve a high conversion efficiency (η), while the η of a CIGS cell with diamond-like grains is low if the VBO at the GBs exceeds 0.4 eV. The VBO at which the η of the CIGS cell with diamond-like grains peaks is found at 0.20-0.27 eV. A favorable VBO mainly depends on the shape of the grains, but it also depends on the NtA. The simulations of the CIGS cells in the substrate and superstrate configurations showed that their performances change if the VBO is varied. This result also implies that the configuration of the CIGS cell is important and the substrate configuration with larger grains in the space-charge region has a considerable advantage if the VBO ranges from 0 eV to 0.2 eV. 相似文献
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Lähde T Rönkkö T Happonen M Söderström C Virtanen A Solla A Kytö M Rothe D Keskinen J 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(6):2504-2509
The effects of the fuel injection pressure on a heavy-duty diesel engine exhaust particle emissions were studied. Nonvolatile particle size distributions and gaseous emissions were measured at steady-state engine conditions while the fuel injection pressure was changed. An increase in the injection pressure resulted in an increase in the nonvolatile nucleation mode (core) emission at medium and at high loads. At low loads, the core was not detected. Simultaneously, a decrease in soot mode number concentration and size and an increase in the soot mode distribution width were detected at all loads. Interestingly, the emission of the core was independent of the soot mode concentration at load conditions below 50%. Depending on engine load conditions, growth of the geometric mean diameter of the core mode was also detected with increasing injection pressure. The core mode emission and also the size of the mode increased with increasing NOx emission while the soot mode size and emission decreased simultaneously. 相似文献
8.
Current approaches to color texture analysis can be roughly divided into two categories: methods that process color and texture information separately, and those that consider color and texture a joint phenomenon. In this paper, both approaches are empirically evaluated with a large set of natural color textures. The classification performance of color indexing methods is compared to gray-scale and color texture methods, and to combined color and texture methods, in static and varying illumination conditions. Based on the results, we argue that color and texture are separate phenomena that can, or even should, be treated individually. 相似文献
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Topi Koskinen 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2000,4(2-3):113-122
Trends in technological development show that devices of personal communication and information management are converging and penetrating to new user segments. Therefore, it is a question of interest how the convergence of applications should be managed. This article explores the current use of email and SMS, focussing on the differences in the ways they are used and understood among their users. It is argued that, since the systems are different and have been in use for some time, established practices in using them as well as systems applied to understanding them are different. Based on analysis of interview data, it is conluded that this is the case, and that the future converged systems should not be considered as replacements of the current ones, but rather that the systems need to supplement each other. For example, the need for a quick and dirty instant asynchronous media such as SMS seems to remain, and therefore it cannot be replaced simply by implementing email to mobile phones. The need for email and SMS seems to be different, and thus the development should be towards a better understanding of these needs rather than simple technological convergence. 相似文献
10.
Oreg Shaul; Bayazit Mahmut; Vakola Maria; Arciniega Luis; Armenakis Achilles; Barkauskiene Rasa; Bozionelos Nikos; Fujimoto Yuka; González Luis; Han Jian; H?ebí?ková Martina; Jimmieson Nerina; Korda?ová Jana; Mitsuhashi Hitoshi; Mla?i? Boris; Feri? Ivana; Topi? Marina Kotrla; Ohly Sandra; Saksvik Per ?ystein; Hetland Hilde; Saksvik Ingvild; van Dam Karen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,93(4):935
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献