Biomathematical study of time-dependent flow of a Carreau nanofluid through inclined catheterized arteries with overlapping stenosis

Journal of Central South University - This work is concerned with the analysis of blood flow through inclined catheterized arteries having a balloon (angioplasty) with time-variant overlapping...     

Interface evolution in the platelet-like SiC@C and SiC@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> monocrystal nanocapsules

Carbon-coated SiC@C nanocapsules (NCs) with a hexagonal platelet-like morphology were fabricated by a simple direct current (DC) arc-discharge plasma method.The SiC@C NCs were monocrystalline,120-150 nm in size,and approximately 50 nm thick.The formation of the as-prepared SiC@C NCs included nucleation of truncated octahedral SiC seeds and subsequent anisotropic growth of the seeds into hexagonal nanoplatelets in a carbon-rich atmosphere.The disordered carbon layers on the SiC@C NCs were converted into SiO2 shells of SiC@SiO2 NCs by heat treatment at 650 ℃ in air,during which the shape and inherent characteristics of the crystalline SiC core were obtained.The interface evolution from carbon to SiO2 shells endowed the SiC@SiO2 NCs with enhanced photocatalytic activity due to the hydrophilic and transparent nature of the SiO2 shell,as well as to the photosensitive SiC nanocrystals.The band gap of the nanostructured SiC core was determined to be 2.70 eV.The SiC@SiO2 NCs degraded approximately 95％ of methylene blue in 160 min under visible light irradiation.     

Momentum in nonlinear optics

Abstract

Although it is well known that light carries momentum and exerts a pressure on objects, a conservation of momentum principle is apparently rarely used in optics. In nonlinear optics light waves interact and may exchange both energy and momentum. We demonstrate that a conservation of momentum principle holds in these cases and in fact its use is widespread but generally unrecognized in the standard mathematical methods. In both the cases of linear basis waves interacting nonlinearly, e.g. coupled-wave theory and frequency mixing, and fully nonlinear waves, we demonstrate that a governing Hamiltonian is related to momentum. Action principles are used to discuss the generality of these results.     

Theranostic Interpolation of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a diverse disease caused by mutations in multiple genes accompanying epigenetic aberrations of hazardous genes and protein pathways, which distress tumor-suppressor genes and the expression of oncogenes. Alteration in any of the several physiological mechanisms such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, mitotic checkpoints, and telomere maintenance results in genomic instability. Theranostic has the potential to foretell and estimate therapy response, contributing a valuable opportunity to modify the ongoing treatments and has developed new treatment strategies in a personalized manner. “Omics” technologies play a key role while studying genomic instability in breast cancer, and broadly include various aspects of proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and tumor grading. Certain computational techniques have been designed to facilitate the early diagnosis of cancer and predict disease-specific therapies, which can produce many effective results. Several diverse tools are used to investigate genomic instability and underlying mechanisms. The current review aimed to explore the genomic landscape, tumor heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms of genomic instability involved in initiating breast cancer. We also discuss the implications of computational biology regarding mutational and pathway analyses, identification of prognostic markers, and the development of strategies for precision medicine. We also review different technologies required for the investigation of genomic instability in breast cancer cells, including recent therapeutic and preventive advances in breast cancer.     

Structural Characterization of Oat Bran (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-Glucans by Lichenase Hydrolysis Through High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection

Cereal mixed linkages (1 → 3) (1 → 4)-β-D-glucan is a linear polysaccharide composed of glucose units. Oat β-glucan is a natural polymer. The main products of β-glucanase are oligosaccharides with DP3 and DP4, i.e., 3-Ob-cellobiosyl-D-glucose and 3-Ob-cellotriosyl-D-glucose, which represent over 90% of the molecule. Keeping in mind all the benefits of oat bran, the present study was planned to investigate the structural properties of oat bran, high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection was used to examine these oligosaccharides. The structural analysis of oat bran of two oat varieties revealed that the ratio of soluble and insoluble triose to tetraose in β-glucan fraction was 1.44 and 1.78, respectively, for Avon variety; while the ratio of soluble and insoluble triose to tetraose in β-glucan fraction for Sargodha-81 was 1.49 and 1.77. The major units determined were cellotriose and cellotetraose. Other units cellopentaose and hexaoses were also existed but in minor fractions. Lichenase hydrolysis high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection appeared to be the best choice for structural analysis of purified samples of mixed-linkage β-glucan.     

Production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse using yeast strains: A kinetic study

In this study, sugarcane bagasse (2 mm) was pretreated with 2.5% NaOH followed by steaming at 121°C for various time periods. Maximum cellulose content of 81% and delignification of 68.5% were achieved by soaking bagasse in 2.5% NaOH with a residence time of 1 h at room temperature followed by steaming at 121°C for 30 min residence time. The pretreated substrate was analyzed by SEM and FTIR to study the structural modification and functional group of the untreated and pretreated substrates. The pretreated substrate was saccharified by commercial cellulase enzyme depicting 106 µm mesh size of substrate yields maximum saccharification rate. The saccharified material was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis in mono- and co-culture modes. Maximum product yield (Y_p/s) was observed by monoculture using Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 96 h of fermentation period.     

Effect of inoculation and nodularisation treatment temperature on recalescence and eutectic undercooling temperature in Spheroidal graphite (SG) cast iron

In this study, the effect of inoculant composition and nodularisation treatment temperature on recalescence temperature (TER) and undercooling temperature (TEU) in SG iron has been studied by using thermal analysis. 0·1, 0·2 and 0·3 wt-% of three types of inoculants Ca,Ce,Al–FeSi, Ca,Sr,Al–FeSi and Ca,Ba,Al–FeSi were used as so called stream inoculation. Ca,Ce,Al–FeSi was found to be the most potent one in reducing both recalescence (?T _r ) and eutectic undercooling (?T). The nodule count has also been found higher in Ca,Ce,Al–FeSi inoculated SG iron samples compared to other two inoculants. It has been observed that higher the nodule count lower is the ?T _r and ?T and vice versa. The recalescence and shrinkage relationship of 24 heats of differential case castings has been established; it was observed that the number of castings containing shrinkage in respective heats increase as the recalescence and nodularisation treatment temperature increases.     

Boosting the performance of visible light‐driven WO3/g‐C3N4 anchored with BiVO4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

In this article, a ternary WO₃/g‐C₃N₄@ BiVO₄ composites were prepared using eco‐friendly hydrothermal method to produce efficient hydrogen energy through water in the presence of sacrificial agents. The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) emission spectroscopy. The experimental study envisages the formation of 2‐D nanostructures and observed that such kinds of nanostructures could provide more active sites for photocatalytic reduction of water and their inherent reactive‐species mechanism. The results showed the excellent photocatalytic performance (432 μmol h^?1 g^?1) for 1.5% BiVO₄ nanoparticles in WO₃/g‐C₃N₄ composite when compared with pure WO₃ and BiVO₄. The optical properties and photocatalytic activity measurement confirmed that BiVO₄ nanoparticles in WO₃/g‐C₃N₄ photocatalyst inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron and holes and enhanced the reduction reactions for H₂ production. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of the composite nanostructures may be attributed to wide absorption region of visible light, large surface area, and efficient separation of electrons/holes pairs owing to synergistic effects between BiVO₄ and WO₃/g‐C₃N₄. The prepared samples would be a precise optimal photocatalyst to increase their suppliers for worldwide applications especially in energy harvesting.