Volumetric out-of-furnace heat treatment of 3600-M3 decomposers

Specifications require that all the welds in 12-m-diam. decomposers with a capacity of 3600 m³ be subjected to high-temperature tempering before going into service in order to alleviate the stresses from the welding operation. Specialists at the organizations VNIIPTkhimnefteapparatury and VNIImontazhspetsstroi have proposed out-of-furnace volumetric (complete) of the assembled decomposer with the use of special heaters. The use of this heating method has shortened assembly operations while providing the welds with a highquality heat treatment and reducing the stresses overall (including welding stresses, stresses from assembly of the decomposer, etc.) The technology ensures uniform heating of the housing of the decomposer and provides for close control over the process. The experience gained in heat-treating decomposers can also be used in the construction of other containers that come into contact with corrosive media. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 3, pp. 61–64, March, 2006.     

Improving Homology-Directed Repair in Genome Editing Experiments by Influencing the Cell Cycle

Genome editing is currently widely used in biomedical research; however, the use of this method in the clinic is still limited because of its low efficiency and possible side effects. Moreover, the correction of mutations that cause diseases in humans seems to be extremely important and promising. Numerous attempts to improve the efficiency of homology-directed repair-mediated correction of mutations in mammalian cells have focused on influencing the cell cycle. Homology-directed repair is known to occur only in the late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, so researchers are looking for safe ways to enrich the cell culture with cells in these phases of the cell cycle. This review surveys the main approaches to influencing the cell cycle in genome editing experiments (predominantly using Cas9), for example, the use of cell cycle synchronizers, mitogens, substances that affect cyclin-dependent kinases, hypothermia, inhibition of p53, etc. Despite the fact that all these approaches have a reversible effect on the cell cycle, it is necessary to use them with caution, since cells during the arrest of the cell cycle can accumulate mutations, which can potentially lead to their malignant transformation.     

Kaiser Effect in Rock Salt

Using the results of experiments with rock salt samples under various loading regimes as an example, the regularities of the Kaiser effect formation and manifestation in rocks with plastic properties are investigated.     

High-Sensitivity Photodetector Based on Atomically Thin MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript>

A design for a high-sensitivity photodetector with a single layer of MoS₂ transition-metal dichalcogenide used as the basic functional element is proposed and the process of its fabrication is presented step by step. Quality evaluation and the selection of functional MoS₂ flakes is based on the results of combined optical characterization. The main operating characteristics of the fabricated device are investigated and a photosensitivity of 1.4 mA/W is demonstrated. A difference of this device in comparison with existing analogues is its high photosensitivity at low operating voltages (in the range of ±3 V).     

Piecewise parabolic negative magnetoresistance of two-dimensional electron gas with triangular antidot lattice

Extraordinary piecewise parabolic behavior of the magnetoresistance has been experimentally detected in the two-dimensional electron gas with a dense triangular lattice of antidots, where commensurability magnetoresistance oscillations are suppressed. The magnetic field range of 0–0.6 T can be divided into three wide regions, in each of which the magnetoresistance is described by parabolic dependences with high accuracy (comparable to the experimental accuracy) and the transition regions between adjacent regions are much narrower than the regions themselves. In the region corresponding to the weakest magnetic fields, the parabolic behavior becomes almost linear. The observed behavior is reproducible as the electron gas density changes, which results in a change in the resistance by more than an order of magnitude. Possible physical mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior, including so-called “memory effects,” are discussed.     

A reference model for a flowmeter magnetic field for a computing experiment

A reference model is considered for a magnetic field intended for checking programs and algorithms defining the electromagnetic field in an electromagnetic flowmeter measurement channel. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 39–41, April, 2007.     

A Novel Method for Preparing a Batch of Silicate Glasses Using Sodium and Potassium Hydroxides

A novel method for preparing a batch of silicate glasses containing crystalline quartz, glass formers, modifiers, intermediates, and auxiliary components, including the physicochemical activation of high-melting batch components with the use of alkali metal hydroxides, is developed. The optimal technological parameters are determined and the general scheme for obtaining an agglomerate by the proposed method is presented. It is found that moisturizing the activated components of a glass batch with a KOH solution having a minimal concentration of 0.5% strengthens the agglomerate of the glass batch in comparison with moisturizing by water.     

Influence of the Pressure and Composition of the Fuel Mixture on its Ignition by a Subcritical Streamer Discharge

Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics - Based on the data of a physical experiment, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of combustion of fuel in power plants with the use of a...