超低失真多层陶瓷电容相较于薄膜电容的优势

在滤波应用中,超低失真的表面贴装多层陶瓷电容(MLCC),已经成为模拟电路设计者在SMD塑料薄膜(薄膜片式)电容之外的另一种选择,它的体积更小、成本更低、也更为可靠。这些潜在的模拟电路应用实例包括:音响设备、无线设备、锁相环(PLL)和通信设备(如调制/解调器)等。这些新型电容的等效串连电阻(ESR)极低,因此非常适合于高效率的DC/DC变换器和高速微处理器应用。低失真电容的应用随着处理器速度的提高和工作电压的降低,噪声会给信号完整性带来严重的影响,除非能通过过滤或解耦的办法将其去除。在声频、射频、PLL和通信电路中,跟踪误差…     

On A Maximum Likelihood Method for Clustering

Behaviormetrika - In this paper, we propose a new clustering method based on the concept of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. In general, the problem of local minima arises when we try to use the...     

Near-zone gain of open-ended rectangular waveguides

Full-wave solutions to the problem of radiation by open-ended rectangular waveguides (OEG) are presented. The radiation problem is formulated in terms of an electric field integral equation (EFIE). The EFIE is solved using the method of moments for three OEG antennas covering the frequency range from 200 to 750 MHz. Results for the near-zone gains as a function of both frequency and distance from the OEG aperture are presented. Estimates for uncertainties in the calculated gain are also given     

Relationship Between Local Atomic Arrangements and Properties of High-T c Superconductive Copper Oxides

Here various approaches to understanding the complex relationship among the local atomic arrangements, the distribution of charge/holes and the superconductivity characteristics are discussed for a variety of multi-layered copper-oxide superconductors. Regarding the structural parameters, i.e. bond lengths and angles, no single parameter is revealed to control the superconductivity characteristics alone. As a matter of fact, superconductivity properties are found to be correlated with the whole delicately balanced fine-structure that is described by a set of multiple parameters: it is shown that T _c and H_irr are enhanced in somewhat opposite ways. Expressing the delicately balanced fine-structure through the charge/hole distribution, it is concluded that the more homogeneously distributed the charge carriers are the more enhanced is the H_irr characteristics, while the opposite is likely to apply to the T _c value.     

The Michigan benchmark: towards XML query performance diagnostics

We propose a micro-benchmark for XML data management to aid engineers in designing improved XML processing engines. This benchmark is inherently different from application-level benchmarks, which are designed to help users choose between alternative products. We primarily attempt to capture the rich variety of data structures and distributions possible in XML, and to isolate their effects, without imitating any particular application. The benchmark specifies a single data set against which carefully specified queries can be used to evaluate system performance for XML data with various characteristics.     

Gas permeation property of polyaniline films

We examined the influence of polyaniline (PAn)'s unit sequence and doping with low molecular weight dopants or polymer dopants on permeation property. It was found that CO₂ permeability was increased by the formation of a quinonediimine unit in PAn with the oxidation. CO₂ sorption amount of PAn was decreased by oxidation. The increase of CO₂ permeability with oxidation, therefore, resulted from the increase of diffusivity, which was attributable to morphological variation by the increase of a quinonediimine unit. The permselectivity of PAn films was found to be remarkably improved by doping. In particular, the selectivity value of the PAn film doped with polyvinyl sulphonic acid as a polymer dopant went up to over 2,000. This remarkable increase of selectivity was found to result in the increase of selectivity, depending on diffusivity. It was also found that the permselectivity of the PAn film doped by polymer dopants was surpassed, as compared with that doped by low molecular dopants. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

Structural significance of the alkyl substituent at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate in sex pheromonal activity of the American cockroach

The significance of the alkyl group at the C-4 of (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate, which is the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, was investigated. Seven alcohols possessing an ethyl, propyl, or dimethyl group at this position of the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton were synthesized and evaluated by behavioral assay. All of the alcohols were inactive, while three of four acetates of the 2-alcohols induced sexual behavior in male cockroaches at the 0.02 or 0.5 mg dosage level, either of which is many orders of magnitude higher than the threshold level of the natural sex pheromones (10^–8 mg). Among the acetates, the compounds with a methyl group or an -oriented ethyl group at C-4 showed the highest activity. The results are discussed in terms of spatial requirements of the molecules for interactions with the receptor.Studies on the sex pheromone mimic of the American cockroach, (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate. Part VIII. For Part VII, seeComp. Biochem. Physiol.,70A: 229–234 (1981).     

Fibrous support for immobilization of enzymes

A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber support incorporating various aminoacetal functional groups has been developed for immobilizing enzymes. The aminated PVA fiber seems to adsorb enzymes with electrostatic force of attraction; thus the immobilization procedure is simple. By the use of this fiber having immobilized enzymes, the reaction between enzymes and substrates is nearly independent of the size of subtstrates. This newly developed type of fiber, which is formed by a mass superfine fibers (SFF), each measuring 1 μm or less in diameter, permits much more increased surface area than the conventional enzyme immobilization supports. Our studies of the properties of the fiber for immobilization of enzymes show the following results: (1) SFF has a greater ability for the immobilization of invertase than ordinary fibers; (2) dimethyl-aminated SFF has the best performance for the immobilization of invertase. From these results, it is concluded that the dimethyl-aminated SFF is an excellent support for the immobilization of invertase.     

Polytetrafluoroethylene processing characteristics using high-energy X-ray

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microstructures’ processing characteristics using X-ray photo dcomposition and desorption are studied in the highest energy region (2 keV to >12 keV). While the exposed surface states are seen melting and boiling from the remaining bubble structure of the irradiated surface, basic photochemistry of PTFE is also same as previous reports and high-aspect ratio structures are successfully formed. We developed new Ni stencil electroformed stencil masks and successfully fabricated first and practical example of PTFE micro fluidic parts. The characteristics of fabricated micro fluidic parts, a PTFE fluid filter for vertical fluid flow operation which works as passive valve, agreed with the calculated results. This suggests that the accuracy of patterning is adequate to apply this technique to fabricate microfluidic parts and other various microparts.