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Summary Poly(glycidyl azide), PGA, was grafted onto Hydroxyl Terminated Poly(butadiene), HTPB, via free radical mechanism. PGA-macro azoinitator and HTPB polymer mixture was casted from solution and the polymer film was kept at 90°C for 4 hours. The grafted polymer was isolated from the product by fractional precipitation and characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Graft copolymer structure was also confirmed that volume ratio of nonsolvent to the solution of the graft copolymer was between those of corresponding homopolymers. TGA traces of the block polymers were containing two different maxima at 253°C (for PGA units) and 469°C (for HTPB units). Because of the incompatibility of the blocks, DSC curve showed two Tg's which belong to the related segments. 相似文献
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Özcan Özyurt Hacer Özyurt Adnan Baki Bülent Güven Hasan Karal 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(15):12092-12104
The purpose of this study is to design a personalized adaptive and intelligent web based tutoring system based on learning style and expert system named UZWEBMAT and to evaluate its effects on 10th grade students’ learning of the unit of probability. In the study, initially, learning objects were prepared in three different ways in relation to three sub-learning areas of Visual–Auditory–Kinesthetic (VAK) learning style for each subject of the probability unit. These were appropriate for secondary school mathematics curricula. Then, they were transferred into the digital environment. Each student’s dominant learning style determines the content to which s/he will be directed since s/he is directed to the content that is appropriate for his/her learning style. The course to be followed by the students within UZWEBMAT and their browsing around the pages are decided by expert system integrated into the system. This expert system sets the situations in which s/he will get solution supports and the course s/he will follow in accordance with the performance of the student. Hereby, each student may follow a different course, and the solution supports s/he will get may also differ highlighting the individual learning. The sample of the study consists of 81 10th grade students and 3 mathematics teachers from two high schools in Trabzon, Turkey. Qualitative data were obtained both from the teachers and students participating in the study in order to answer the research questions about the implementation and evaluation of UZWEBMAT for mathematics teaching in a high school classroom. Obtained data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results of the present study, positive opinions of students and teachers such as taking into account the individual learning differences and deriving mathematical relations and formulas through exploration became prominent. In addition, there were also other positive opinions of students and teachers such as providing permanent learning and introducing learning responsibility to the students. In this sense, it was concluded that UZWEBMAT is a beneficial instrument for both students and teachers. 相似文献
5.
Baki Hazer Songun I. Demirel Mehlika Borcakli Mehmet S. Eroglu Miko Cakmak Burak Erman 《Polymer Bulletin》2001,46(5):389-394
Summary
Poly(-3-hydroxy alkanoate) containing unsaturated side chains, PHA-soybean, were produced by feeding Pseudomonas oleovorans with soybean oily acids obtained from soybean oil. Unsaturation of PHA-soybean were found to be 10 mol-% of unsaturated side
chains.
Main saturated part of the biopolymer was Poly(3-hydroxy octanoate) with minor hexanoate and decanoate units. PHA films were
crosslinked via free radical mechanism by means of thermally or under UV irradiation in the presence of benzoyl peroxide,
benzophenon, and /or ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM). Crosslinking yield of the PHA films were found to be from 81 to
93 wt.-% from the sol-gel analysis. Swelling properties of the crosslinked PHA films in chloroform and toluene were also studied.
Mc values of crosslinked PHAs were also calculated using Flory-Rehner equation. The crosslinked biopolyester obtained by thermally
at 60 °C with benzoyl peroxide indicated the highest crosslinking density. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of crosslinked
biopolyester samples were changed from −33 to −45 °C while that of PHA-soybean was −60 °C.
Received: 16 June 2000/Revised version: 22 January 2001/Accepted: 20 May 2001 相似文献
6.
Sibel Akgün Gülsüm Ekici Nilüfer Mutlu Necati Beşirli Baki Hazer 《Journal of Polymer Research》2007,14(3):215-221
Modification of chitosan by grafting of vinyl butyrate was carried out in homogeneous phase using potassium persulfate as
redox initator and 1.5% acetic acid as solvent. The percent grafting and grafting efficiency were analysed and the high grafting
efficiency up to 94% was observed. The effects of reaction variables such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration,
temperature and reaction time were investigated. It was observed that the solubility of chitosan was markedly reduced after
grafting with vinyl butyrate. The grafted product is insoluble in common organic solvents as well in dilute organic and inorganic
acids. Characterization of the graft copolymers were carried out by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technics. Characteristic signal of carbonyl
group was observed at 1,731 cm−1 which belongs to the poly vinyl butyrate segments in the graft copolymer. The melting transition of the chitosan main chain
in the copolymer shifted to 124°C from its original value 101°C. In addition to these, we have also studied topology of the
graft copolymer and the SEM micrograph showed continuous homogenous matrix which means there is no phase separation. 相似文献
7.
Brush type of poly (3‐hydroxy butyrate), PHB, copolymer synthesis has been reported. Natural PHB was chlorinated by passing chlorine gas through PHB solution in CHCl3/CCl4 mixture (75/25 v/v) to prepare chlorinated PHB, PHB‐Cl, with the chlorine contents varying between 2.18 and 39.8 wt %. Toluene solution of PHB‐Cl was used in the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate, MMA, in the presence of cuprous bromide (CuBr)/2,2′‐bipyridine complex as catalyst, at 90°C. This “grafting from” technique led to obtain poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐g‐poly(methylmethacrylate) (PHB‐g‐PMMA) brush type graft copolymers (cylindrical brush). The polymer brushes were fractionated by fractional precipitation methods and the γ values calculated from the ratio of the volume of nonsolvent to volume of solvent of brushes were ranged between 2.8 and 9.5 depending on the molecular weight, grafting density, and side chain length of the brushes, while the γ values of PHB, PHB‐Cl, and homo‐PMMA were 2.7–3.8, 0.3–2.4, and 3.0–3.9, respectively. The fractionated brushes were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1H‐NMR spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. PHB‐g‐PMMA brush type graft copolymers showed narrower molecular weight distribution (mostly in range between 1.3 and 2.2) than the PHB‐Cl macroinitiator (1.6–3.5). PHB contents in the brushes were calculated from their TGA thermograms and found to be in range between 22 and 42 mol %. The morphologies of PHB‐g‐PMMA brushes were also studied by scanning electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 相似文献
8.
In this study, an innovative adaptive and intelligent web based e-learning system, UZWEBMAT (Turkish abbreviation of Adaptive and INtelligent WEB based MAThematics teaching–learning system) was designed, developed and implemented. This e-learning system was intended for learning and teaching secondary school level permutation-combination-binomial expansion and probability subjects. Content which was prepared according to Turkish curriculum for secondary school mathematics course was transformed into learning objects in three different ways in accordance with VAK (Visual–Auditory–Kinesthetic) learning styles. Primary/secondary/tertiary learning styles of learners registering the system are determined and each learner receives the content appropriate for his/her dominant learning style. Also, they can be directed to contents of other styles according to their performances thanks to an expert system. Learning objects constituting the content were prepared according to constructivist approach. An active role for the learner was the purpose. Tips and intelligent solution supports within the learning objects were presented with expert system support to the learners. With this structure, UZWEBMAT bears the characteristics of intelligent tutoring system as well as an adaptive e-learning environment. All the movements of learners studying with UZWEBMAT are recorded and the necessary information is reported to both learners and teachers in a visualized way. 相似文献
9.
Abdelkader Outzourhit Ali Naziripour John U. Trefny Tomoko Kito Baki Yarar Robert Yandrofski 《组合铁电体》2013,141(4):227-241
Abstract Ba1?x Sr x TiO3 thin film capacitors have been successfully prepared using rf-sputtering and a metal organic deposition (MOD) method. The structure, microstructure and composition of the BSTO films are presented. Films grown on lanthanum aluminate LAO(100) showed c-axis preferred growth orientation. Broad paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transitions were observed in films prepared by both methods. The tunability of the capacitance by means of an appplied electric field is examined using various capacitor geometries. A decrease in the capacitance exceeding 75% at 77 K was obtained from the MOD deposited films under an electric field strength of 0.3 MV/cm. On the other hand, the tunability of the capacitance in the rf-sputtered films ranged from 5 to 10% at 77 K and at 20 kV/cm, while it exceeds 50% in some films. The results are compared with the predictions of Devonshire's phenomenological theory. 相似文献
10.
Gulsah Congur Elif Selen Ates Aysegul Afal Husnu Emrah Unalan Arzum Erdem 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(2):663-668
The surfaces of pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were decorated with zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) for the electrochemical detection of nucleic acids. ZnO NWs were synthesized through simple hydrothermal method. PGEs decorated with ZnO NWs (ZnO NW/PGEs) were electrochemically characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) following morphological characterization through transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Enhanced sensor response obtained using ZnO NW/PGEs contrary to the bare PGE (control) samples. Our preliminary results simply reveal the potential of combining ZnO NWs with disposable sensor technology for the electrochemical detection of DNA. 相似文献