Containerization technologies: taxonomies,applications and challenges

Modern scientific research challenges require new technologies, integrated tools, reusable and complex experiments in distributed computing infrastructures. But above all, computing power for efficient data processing and analyzing. Containers technologies have emerged as a new paradigm to address such intensive scientific applications problems. Their easy deployment in a reasonable amount of time and the few required computational resource make them more suitable. Containers are considered light virtualization solutions. They enable performance isolation and flexible deployment of complex, parallel, and high-performance systems. Moreover, they gained popularity to modernize and migrate scientific applications in computing infrastructure management. Additionally, they reduce computational time processing. In this paper, we first give an overview of virtualization and containerization technologies. We discuss the taxonomies of containerization technologies of the literature, and then we provide a new one that covers and completes those proposed in the literature. We identify the most important application domains of containerization and their technological progress. Furthermore, we discuss the performance metrics used in most containerization techniques. Finally, we point out research gaps in the related aspects of containerization technology that require more research.

     

The effects of gate length variation and trapping effects on the transient response of AlGaN/GaN HEMT’s on SiC substrates

In AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors, the surface defects and dislocations may serve as trapping centers and affect the device performance via leakage current. In this paper we report results of our investigation of the trapping characteristics of Al_0.25Ga_0.75N/GaN HEMT using the Conductance Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (CDLTS). Two deep level electronic defects were observed labeled E₁ and HL₁, with activation energies E_a1 = 1.36 eV and E_a2 = 0.63 eV. The hole-trap HL₁ is characterized for the first time in our studies. We identified the characteristics of the traps at the AlGaN/GaN interface adjoining the channel and the surface along the ungated region between the gate and the drain, as well as the effects of the surface traps.     

Optimization of nutrient-induced germination of Bacillus sporothermodurans spores using response surface methodology

Spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans are known to be contaminant of dairy products and to be extremely heat-resistant. The induction of endospore germination before a heat treatment could be an efficient method to inactivate these bacteria and ensure milk stability. In this study, the nutrient-induced germination of B. sporothermodurans LTIS27 spores was studied. Testing the effect of 23 nutrient elements to trigger an important germination rate of B. sporothermodurans spores, only d-glucose, l-alanine, and inosine were considered as strong independent germinants. Both inosine and l-alanine play major roles as co-germinants with several other amino acids. A central composite experimental design with three factors (l-alanine, d-glucose, and temperature) using response surface methodology was used to optimize the nutrient-induced germination. The optimal rate of nutrient-induced germination (100%) of B. sporothermodurans spores was obtained after incubation of spore for 60 min at 35 °C in presence of 9 and 60 mM of d-glucose and l-alanine, respectively. The results in this study can help to predict the effect of environmental factors and nutrients on spore germination, which will be beneficial for screening of B. sporothermodurans in milk after induction their germination. Moreover, the chosen method of optimization of the nutrient-induced germination was efficient in finding the optimum values of three factors.     

Pyrene-adamantane-β-cyclodextrin: An efficient host–guest system for the biofunctionalization of SWCNT electrodes

The design of nanostructured biological architectures based on host–guest interactions between β-cyclodextrin and adamantane was investigated on SWCNT coatings using glucose oxidase (GOX) as biomolecule model. β-Cyclodextrin tagged GOX was immobilized on adamantane functionalized carbon nanotubes, deposited on platinum electrodes. Different functionalization techniques to attach “pyrene adamantane” on nanotubes were studied and compared in terms of the performances of the subsequently constructed glucose biosensors. The best results were obtained by dipping the nanotube deposit into a pyrene-adamantane solution followed by electropolymerization of the adsorbed pyrene monolayer. The constructed biosensor exhibited a good linear response toward glucose concentrations between 2 × 10⁻⁷ M and 1.6 × 10⁻³ M. The maximum current density and glucose sensitivity were 154.9 μA cm⁻² and 14.4 mA M⁻¹ cm⁻², respectively.     

The creep of an elastoviscoplastic beam under a bending loading

Thermoplastics start to manifest a nonlinear mechanical behavior from relatively low loading levels. Under a bending solicitation, which generates a nonuniform stress field, the material behavior becomes more challenging. Indeed, a flexed specimen may have different behaviors from one point to another according to the local stress state. In the present work, a six-parameter rheological model is used to simulate the nonlinear behavior of an elastoviscoplastic beam, subjected to a three-point bending load. In the framework of Euler–Bernoulli theory, the mathematical formulation of a bent beam behavior involves the bending curvature function. This function allows the determination of the strain and stress fields along and through the beam. However, when the beam reaches the viscoplastic stage, the differential equation providing the bending curvature of the beam requires a numerical integration, which has been accomplished in this work. This theoretical modeling approach is supported by experimental creep tests carried out on polyamide specimens (PA6). The testing results are qualitatively consistent with the predictions of the proposed rheological model.     

An effective DeepWINet CNN model for off-line text-independent writer identification

Pattern Analysis and Applications - Writer identification based on handwriting recognition is considered one of the most common research areas in pattern recognition and biometrics. It has...     

Use of ultra-thin organic silane films for the improvement of gold adhesion to the silicon dioxide wafers for (bio)sensor applications

A mono-functional silane reagent, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) was used to modify the surface of silicon wafers. The structure of the SAMs formed with the MPS was investigated by contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, AFM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deposition of a metallic gold layer via ultra-high vacuum (UHV) evaporation reveals good adhesion properties on Au/MPS/SiO₂/Si structure. The “chemisorption” between the SAM and the gold evaporated layer is confirmed by adhesion tests and optimum curing treatment is found 1 h at 100 °C). This very simple methodology, avoiding the usage of Cr and other metals as undercoating layers and could be proposed further for (bio)sensors applications.     

Application of iterative dynamic programming to optimal control of a distiltation column

Iterative Dynamic Programming (IDP) is proven to be a useful technique for solving constrained dynamic optimisation problems. A high purity binary distillation column model has been chosen to investigate some of the IDP properties as well as its applicability. The investigated problems cover transitions from one steady state to another with the minimization of a quadratic cost function with associated terminal constraints.     

Comparative study of conductometric glucose biosensor based on gold and on magnetic nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to show the feasibility and the performances of nanoparticle biosensing. A glucose conductometric biosensor was developed using two types of nanoparticles (gold and magnetic), glucose oxidase (GOD) being adsorbed on PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) modified nanoparticles, deposited on a planar interdigitated electrode (IDEs). The best sensitivities for glucose detection were obtained with magnetic nanoparticles (70 μM/mM and 3 μM of detection limit) compared to 45 μM/mM and 9 μM with gold nanoparticles and 30 μM/mM and 50 μM with GOD directly cross-linked on IDEs. When stored in phosphate buffer (20 mM, pH 7.3) at 4 °C, the biosensor showed good stability for more than 12 days.