时效对Cu-Zn-Al合金热弹性马氏体转变的影响

本文用直流电阻法研究了时效对M_s点高于室温的工业纯Cu—Zn—Al合金热弹性马氏体转变的影响。若该合金从高温无序β相区淬火后立即在马氏体状态充分时效,则热弹性马氏体会发生稳定化,在升降温的电阻—温度曲线上,马氏体不再呈现热弹性正逆转变的特征;若该合金淬火后立即在β_1状态(母相状态)时效,则随着β_1状态时效时间的延长,合金马氏体的热弹性转变特性会逐步保持下来,其马氏体相变点和马氏体相对可逆转变量逐渐趋近一稳定值,在随后的热循环中它们变化很小.可以认为,马氏体态时效所引起马氏体的稳定化与马氏体的再有序化及过饱和空位的聚集等过程有关。     

钨尾矿微晶玻璃的形状记忆效应

研究了钨尾矿微晶玻璃的形状记忆效应（ＳＭＥ），并用Ｘ射线衍射法（ＸＲＤ）作了相分析。结果表明，钨尾矿微晶玻璃具有明显的ＳＭＥ；恢复应变随回复保温温度升高而增加；该材料随着变形量的减小，形状恢复率随之上升     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金母相时效过程中的组织变化

利用ρ-T曲线测量、X射线衍射、透射电镜观察等方法研究了Cu-19Zn-13A1(at％)合金母相时效过程中组织的变化规律。结果表明：Cu-19Zn-13Al合金母相时效时，口，母相发生了贝氏体转变，继续延长时效时间，贝氏体向α相转变；或者，由β1母相直接转变为块(棒)状的α相。Cu-19Zn-13Al(at％)合金母相时效时，Ms点先升高后下降，且分解过程进行较快，300min后分解过程基本上完成，合金不再发生马氏体相变。     

Cu-Al-Mn-Zn-Zr记忆合金的显微组织与力学行为

利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜观察和力学性能测试等手段研究了Cu—18．4A1—8．7Mn—3．4Zn—0．1Zr(摩尔分数，％)记亿合金(多晶)在不同温度与组织下变形时的力学行为。实验合金在不同温度下变形时延伸率不同，变形温度(Td)在Ms与Af之间时的延伸率小于变形温度(Td)高于Af时的延伸率。对实验合金施加应力时，最初的变形主要来自应力诱发马氏体，继而发生马氏体变体择优合并，二者对合金的变形都有贡献；变形量更大时，变体界面共格性被破坏，部分马氏体丧失热弹性。少量α相的析出不影响记忆效应，可使延伸率得以提高。     

Fabrication and properties of low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy

The low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy without hydrogen-fired expansion was fabricated by the technique of vacuum hot press and hot extrusion. The mechanical and electrical properties measurements and microstructures observation on as-hot extruded, as-cold drawn and as-annealed Cu-Al2O3 alloy were conducted. The results show that the addition of a suitable amount of boron in the alloy can lower the residual free oxygen content and then inhibit the hydrogen-fired expansion. The density, σb, σ0.2, hardness, δ and electrical conductivity of the alloy reach 8.86 g/cm^3 (relative density of 99.6%), 340MPa, 250MPa, HB95,24% and 93%(IACS) respectively after hot extruded with the extrusion ratio of 30:1. Its properties have no change after annealed at 900℃ for 1h. Its strength increases after cold drawing, while its ductility and electrical conductivity drop gradually. Various properties of the cold drawn alloy can recover to those of as-extruded after annealed at 900℃ for 1h without the occurrence of recrystallization.     

Thermomechanical treatment of super high strength Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy

The microstructures and properties of Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy subjected to different heat treatments were examined by mechanical and electrical properties measurements, optical and transmission electron microscopes observation. The results show that the precipitation process during aging can be accelerated by the cold deforming before aging. As the Cu-8.0Ni-1.8Si alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 970 ℃ for 4 h, cold rolling to 60% reduction, and then aging at 450 ℃ for 60 min, its properties are σb=1 050 MPa, σ0.2=786 MPa, δ=3.2% and conductivity 27.9%（IACS）. The strengthening mechanisms of the alloy include spinodal decomposition strengthening, ordering strengthening and precipitation strengthening. The precipitation of the alloy is nano-scale Ni2Si phase.     

大塑性变形工艺制备纳米晶过饱和固溶体的研究进展

合金在大塑性变形过程中能够形成纳米晶过饱和固溶体,呈现出不同于传统粗晶材料的微观结构和独特性能。近年来,纳米晶过饱和固溶体的形成机制及其热稳定性已成为国内外的一个研究热点。综述了大塑性变形工艺(如机械合金化法、高压扭转法等)制备纳米晶过饱和固溶体的研究概况,着重讨论分析了大塑性变形诱导纳米晶形成和固溶度扩展的几种机制及其局限性,简要介绍了纳米晶过饱和固溶体的热稳定性及其影响因素,最后对该领域今后的研究方向做出了分析和展望。     

变形工艺对纯Mo棒组织和横向弯曲性能的影响

通过弯曲性能测量、金相、SEM以及TEM观察对不同工艺锻造的纯Mo棒横向弯曲性能及组织进行了研究.结果表明:纯Mo棒直接拔长时,随着变形量的增加,其横向塑性变化不大,纵向晶粒逐渐被拉长,当变形量达到96%时,出现明显的纤维组织,断口呈冰糖状.若纯Mo棒在1100℃镦粗50%再拔长到φ45mm,这样反复进行三次,随后在此温度下从φ45mm直接拔长到φ18mm,其横向组织与直接拔长后的相比变化不大.纵向晶粒虽有拉长,但较直接拔长的晶粒长宽比要小,且晶粒不规则程度增加,此锻造工艺仍然不能有效改善其横向塑性.若纯Mo棒在1100℃先镦粗50%再拔长到φ45mm,反复进行三次后,再将在此温度下从φ45mm直接拔长到φ18mm的纯Mo棒镦粗50%后,其横向塑性可得到大幅度提高,弯曲变形量5%;金相观察表明,其横向晶粒边界变得不很明晰,扭曲程度加重;而纵向晶粒之间晶界相互穿插程度较为严重;其弯曲断口以穿晶断裂为主,断口上有大量的解理面,具有明显的河流状花样和解理台阶;TEM观察表明,其大部分区域以亚晶组织为主,部分区域存在位错胞组织且缠结有大量位错线.     

分子动力学模拟铜纳米团簇的结构稳定性

利用分子动力学研究了原子数为13～1 055的铜纳米团簇.结果表明:随着尺寸的减小,铜纳米团簇的结构发生晶体→非晶→晶体→非晶→晶体→非晶的转变.团簇平均原子结合能随着尺寸的减小而减小,且只依赖于短程有序,这说明了团簇平均原子结合能一般不能够作为非晶与密堆结构晶体转变的判据.平均原子间距不但依赖于团簇的尺寸,且对团簇结构的变化敏感,可以作为非晶与密堆结构晶体转变的一个判据.对偶分布函数的研究表明,大尺寸团簇的内部和表层原子结构都表现出晶格收缩效应,且不同于相应块体晶格,这表明了目前文献中关于团簇的块体加表面模型与壳核模型都有待改进.     

Microstructure evolution in nanocrystalline Cu-Nb alloy during mechanical alloying

The microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline Cu-10%Nb（mass fraction） alloy during mechanical alloying （MA） was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） observation. Upon milling of Cu-Nb powders with coarse grains, the grain size is found to decrease gradually with lengthening milling time, and reach the minimum value （about 9 nm） after 100 h milling. The microstrain and the microhardness of the powders increase during the grain refinement. And Cu lattice parameter increases steadily over 100 h milling. The mechanisms of solid solution extension during milling were discussed. The results show that up to 10%Nb can be brought into solid solution by MA. The extension of solid solution is found to relate closely with the formation of nanocrystalline.