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Jan Maarschalk 《科学教学研究杂志》1988,25(2):135-146
Two stages in research on scientific literary are identified: a composite saturation stage in which definitions covered all objects of science education and a stage where researchers focused on small manageable portions of scientific literary. Initial and continuous scientific literacy research in which the focus is on cognitive preference for science and informal science teaching is described. Underlying cognitive preference is a value preference for science. Three interdependent but clearly distinguishable forms of science teaching, formal, nonformal and informal, are described. Informal science teaching is identified as a condition for and an outcome of scientific literacy. 相似文献
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Krister Lindén 《Information Retrieval》2006,9(3):295-310
Technical term translations are important for cross-lingual information retrieval. In many languages, new technical terms
have a common origin rendered with different spelling of the underlying sounds, also known as cross-lingual spelling variants
(CLSV).
To find the best CLSV in a text database index, we contribute a formulation of the problem in a probabilistic framework, and
implement this with an instance of the general edit distance using weighted finite-state transducers. Some training data is
required when estimating the costs for the general edit distance. We demonstrate that after some basic training our new multilingual
model is robust and requires little or no adaptation for covering additional languages, as the model takes advantage of language
independent transliteration patterns.
We train the model with medical terms in seven languages and test it with terms from varied domains in six languages. Two
test languages are not in the training data. Against a large text database index, we achieve 64–78 % precision at the point
of 100% recall. This is a relative improvement of 22% on the simple edit distance. 相似文献
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Jürgen Ebert Franz Lehner Volker Riediger und Andreas Winter 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,19(3):125-126
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Veronika Karnowski Larissa Leonhard Anna Sophie Kümpel 《Communication Research Reports》2018,35(2):91-100
Social media have become an integral part of online news use, affecting how individuals find, consume, and share news. By applying the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), this study investigates the effects of motives, attitude, and intention on news-sharing behavior among German social media users (n = 333). Findings show that news-sharing attitude and subjective norms have a positive effect on news-sharing intention, which in turn has a positive effect on actual news-sharing behavior. Taken together, we see that a new media behavior in the early phases of its societal diffusion—like social media news sharing in Germany in 2015—can mainly be explained by a rational choice logic and is rooted in the motives of socializing and information seeking. This finding thus reflects the double nature of social media as a means for both information retrieval and social grooming. 相似文献
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There are three models for community archives in China. The first one is where community archives are kept in government-funded/government-established museums or archives. The second is where community archives are kept by scholarly organizations such as universities. The third involves the community establishing its own archive. This last model is very unusual in China. The PiCun Culture and Art Museum of Migrant Labor (PCMML) provides an example of this model as it is the only independent community archives focusing on migrant workers in China. This paper explores the emergence and development of PCMML, its impact on community members and challenges faced including funding and staffing, but also those unique to China—PCMML is greatly influenced by a range of national and local government policies and regulations. Conclusions are that survival strategies for independent community archives in China are dependent on three dimensions: the community itself, society and the government. Cultural consciousness of the community is the premise for the establishment and sustainability of independent community archives, and independent community archives can be the public space to cultivate cultural consciousness of community members and thus activates community members’ agency to document, preserve and disseminate their own history. At the same time, independent community archives also need to engage with broader society to avoid involution and gain support and understanding. Independent community archives are constrained by government policies and regulations, so it is essential for them to develop strategic relationships with government. 相似文献