Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs

Rung, K., Riond, J.-L. & Wanner, M. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration of enrofloxacin in dogs. J. vet
Four dogs were given 5 mg/kg body weight enrofloxacin intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) in a cross-over study. Plasma concentrations of the active ingredient enrofloxacin and its main metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined by a reversed phase liquid chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both substances were calculated by use of statistical moments and were compared to those of enrofloxacin described in the veterinary literature. Mean enrofloxacin t _½λZ was 2.4 h, mean Cl_s was 27.1 ml/min-kg, and mean V_ss was 7.0 1/kg. After i.v. and p.o. administration, concentrations of ciprofloxacin exceeding minimal inhibitory concentrations of several microorganisms were reached (C_max= 0.2 ng/ml, max = 2.2 h after intravenous administration; C_max= 0.2 (ig/ml, t _max= 3.6 h after oral administration). A considerable part of the antimicrobial activity is due to ciprofloxacin, the main metabolite of enrofloxacin.     

植物生长调节剂对黑麦草生长特性的影响

探讨了3种植物生长调节剂烯效唑、缩节胺和防落素对黑麦草生长特性的影响。结果表明:单独喷施烯效唑(50mg/L)和缩节胺(300mg/L)均能显著延缓黑麦草生长,矮化其株高,增加根冠比,提高叶绿素含量,其中50mg/L烯效唑的处理效果比较显著;烯效唑、缩节胺和不同浓度的防落素(50mg/L和100mg/L)混合喷施,只有烯效唑的复合使用能显著提高叶绿素含量,对改善黑麦草坪用性状的作用较好。     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长、蛋白酶活性及表观消化率的影响

分别用4%、8%、12%和16%玉米蛋白粉替代异育银鲫饲料中25%、50%、75%和100%鱼粉配制4种等氮、等能的试验饲料,以不替代鱼粉的饲料为对照,试验饲料与对照饲料等氮、等能,在室内循环水养殖系统饲养异育银鲫(初始体重1.32±0.16 g)71 d,旨在研究玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对异育银鲫生长、蛋白酶活性以及表观消化率的影响.结果表明,玉米蛋白替代鱼粉对异育银鲫的存活率、肥满度无显著性影响(P>0.05).4%、8%及12%玉米蛋白粉组的相对增重率、相对增长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性、干物质和蛋白质表现消化率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),玉米蛋白粉完全替代鱼粉组的生长性能、饲料利用、蛋白酶活性和表观消化率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).因此,本实验条件下,玉米蛋白粉可以替代75%鱼粉.     

海南鹦哥岭的种子植物资源

通过对保存了我国华南面积最大、最原始的热带雨林的海南鹦哥岭4个多月的野外调查,统计该地区有野生种子植物173科825属1706种.根据资源植物的主要用途和生态习性等特点将其归为12类:材用植物、药用植物、油脂植物、芳香植物、蜜源植物、纤维植物、食用植物、观赏植物、饲料植物、绿肥植物、淀粉植物和杀虫植物,介绍了资源现状,并提出保护建议.     

Exogenous paraoxonase‐1 during oocyte maturation improves bovine embryo development in vitro

Paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) is an enzyme found in serum and follicular fluid that protects cell membrane and circulating lipids against oxidative damage. The aims of this study were to measure the direct effects of recombinant PON1 (rPON1) on bovine oocyte maturation at the molecular level (gene expression) and to measure the carry‐over effects of PON1 on pre‐implantation embryo development in vitro. COCs were submitted to IVM with the addition of 0.0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg ml^?1 of rPON1, corresponding to an average PON1 arylesterase enzyme activity of 2.2 ± 0.4, 15.5 ± 1.5, 30.2 ± 3.0 and 57.9 ± 5.0 U ml^?1, respectively. The results indicated that addition of rPON1 during IVM improved embryo development in a dose‐dependent manner as D7 embryo development was 22.2%, 29.4%, 32.2% and 37.0% for the treatment groups, respectively (p = 0.02). In conclusion, addition of PON1 enzyme during IVM exerted dose‐related positive effects on embryo development rates to blastocysts.     

Soil organic‐C accumulation and N availability under improved pastures established in Mediterranean oak woodlands

Long‐term effects of improved pasture establishment (with high proportion of legumes) on soil organic‐C status and N availability in Mediterranean cork oak (Quercus suber L.) woodlands were assessed. Soils were sampled beneath scattered crowns and in open areas, considering two systems: unmanaged and managed woodlands where improved pastures were installed 26 and 32 years ago. Total and labile C and N pools were measured and C and N mineralization were determined over 24 weeks laboratory incubation. Soils under improved pastures showed higher organic‐C, total‐N and net N mineralization than those under unmanaged pasture, mainly when established beneath trees. Potentially mineralizable C, C mineralization rate and microbial C were not statistically different between the unmanaged and improved pasture sites, but were higher closer to the tree than in the open area (1.8, 1.2 and 1.2 times, respectively). The qCO₂ was higher in improved pastures (1.7 times). Labile pool of C and N extracted with hot water increased under improved pasture (3.4 and 1.7 times, respectively). Results indicate that soil quality amelioration by improved pastures is stronger in the presence of oak trees. Management systems that favour oak tree maintenance and regeneration should be taken into account to reverse soil degradation.     

Kinetics, dose response, tachyphylaxis and cross-tachyphylaxis of vascular leakage induced by endotoxin, zymosan-activated plasma and platelet-activating factor in the horse

Vascular leakage induced by intradermal injection of endotoxin, zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) was measured in nine Thoroughbreds using 125-iodine human serum albumin (¹²⁵I-HSA) as a marker in the blood. ZAP and PAF produced dose-dependent increases in vascular permeability with the maximum occurring within the first 15 min after injection. The vascular leakage induced by endotoxin was also dose-dependent, but the maximum occurred 2 h after intradermal injection. Intradermal sites previously injected with endotoxin were refractory to a second injection of endotoxin for up to 5 days. However, sites injected with endotoxin and re-injected with either ZAP or PAF remained responsive with increased vascular leakage compared to saline injected control sites re-injected with either ZAP or PAF. Diminished response to endotoxin challenge may contribute to the poor prognosis of endotoxaemia in the horse.     

海南燕窝岭石灰岩山体自然环境与资源利用初探

海南昌江县燕窝岭石灰岩山体的主要植被型为热带半落叶季雨林.初步调查中发现了两种珍稀濒危植物,它们分别是海南椴(Hainania trichrosperma)与莲桂(Dehaasia hainanensis).当地虽然仍然保留低地树林,但常被利用作采集柴薪与放牧.燕窝岭的岩洞也有被利用作采集燕窝与鸟粪.对燕窝岭自然资源构成最大威胁的是石灰岩开采.本文并对燕窝岭的自然保育与可持续利用提出了建议.     

Lysimetric study of eucalypt residue management effects on N leaching and mineralization

The effects of woody residues from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations on N losses were assessed through a lysimetric experiment. Treatments were: (NW) forest floor litter and non-woody residues (leaves, bark, twigs) incorporated into the soil; (IP) as NW plus woody residues (branches) cut in 20-cm long pieces and incorporated into the soil; (IC) as IP, but with branches chopped into chips; (SP) non-woody and woody residues (pieces) placed on the soil surface; (SC) as SP plus branches chopped into chips; and (CT) absence of organic residues. Leaching of N-NO ₃ ^? and N-NH ₄ ⁺ was followed during a six-year period and N mineralization was evaluated at the end of the experiment. Non-woody residues enhanced N leaching as compared with the control. Conversely, woody residues decreased N losses. Although differences between treatments were not significant at the end of the experiment, incorporation and fragmentation of woody residues resulted in the more favourable management option regarding the reduction of N leaching observed at short-term. As high amounts of residues were used, the effect observed on decrease N leaching could be higher than that existing in Portuguese eucalypt plantations.     

抗抑郁治疗对不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者近期预后的影响

目的 :观察抗抑郁治疗对不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者近期预后的影响。方法 :将 68例不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁的患者随机分为抗抑郁治疗组和对照组各 34例 ,治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上予心理治疗及加服抗抑郁药氟西汀 (百忧解 ) 2 0 mg/d,顿服 ,疗程为 1 2周。结果 :治疗组与对照组比较 ,心肌缺血明显改善 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,心绞痛复发率及发生急性心肌梗死比例低 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :抗抑郁治疗能明显改善不稳定型心绞痛伴抑郁患者的近期预后。