2种水土保持灌木的根系数量特征研究

以内蒙古自治区准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿排土场2种人工栽植的4龄水土保持灌木柠条和沙棘的根系为对象,通过研究根系数量特征,确定其代表根,为2种灌木根系的生物力学性质和抗蚀研究提供了基础数据和相关参数.代表根的确定将根系以0.5 mm为1个径级进行分级,计算每个径级组的累计根数量、累计根长、累计根表面积和累计根干重等4个方面,取这4个值百分比相对较大的径级组作为各自的代表根.结果表明:柠条代表根径级为0～0.5 mm,0.5～1 mm,1～1.5 mm;沙棘代表根径级是0.5～1 mm和1～1.5 mm.在根系固土抗蚀生物力学性质的研究中,建议在内蒙古准格尔露天矿排土场及相似地区柠条和沙棘2种水土保持灌木主要研究的根茎范围以其代表根径级为主要研究范围.     

毛乌素沙地防护林结构的研究

毛乌素沙地防护林结构的研究结果表明,樟子松纯林的直径和树高结构均比混交林结构有规律,且符合一般树种的变化规律。在叶层结构中,樟子松纯林和林带的叶层峰值比混交林和油松林带的叶层峰值出现的树高较低,且随着树高的增加而缓慢的减小,构成较厚的叶层。所以该地区应积极发展樟子松片状或带状林的营造建设,提高樟子松林的生态效益。     

Modulatory effects of two levels of dietary Alliums on immune response and certain immunological variables,following immunization,in White Leghorn chickens

This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary Allium sativum (garlic, G) and Allium cepa (onion, O) on immune functions in White Leghorn chicken. One‐week‐old chicks, were fed diets without (control) or with Alliums (GL and OL, 10 g or GH and OH, 30 g/kg diet). Chickens were immunized with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). Antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation, and ratios of CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4^‐CD8^‐ lymphocytes were investigated. Histology and weights of the spleen, thymus and bursa (BF), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied as well. Alliums at 10 g/kg diet enhanced anti‐NDV, anti‐SRBC and anti‐BA antibody productions, whereas 30 g/kg diet had less stimulatory effects. Histology of the lymphoid organs and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were not influenced. However, splenocyte and thymocyte proliferations were augmented with garlic. Flow cytometry analysis showed reduction in CD4⁺ and increase in CD4^‐CD8^‐ lymphocyte ratios in GH and OH groups. Garlic‐supplemented chickens had heavier spleen and thymus, and higher WBC counts, whereas BF weight increased with both Alliums at 30 g/kg diet. These results suggest that dietary Alliums have a potential to enhance the immune functions in White Leghorn chickens.     

In vivo immunomodulatory effects of dietary purple sweet potato after immunization in chicken

This study was intended to determine the modulatory effects of dietary supplementation of purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batats Poir., PSP) on the immune response of chickens. PSP was included in a basal starter diet by 1% (PSP^L) or 3% (PSP^H) and continually fed. Newcastle disease (NDV) vaccine, Brucella abortus (BA) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used for chicken immunization. Antibody titers against these antigens were used to estimate humoral immunity. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferations of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), ratios of CD4- and CD8-single positive and CD4-CD8-double negative (DN) cells in splenocytes, were both used to indicate cellular immunity. Relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied. PSP^H increased anti-NDV ( P  < 0.05), anti-BA ( P  < 0.01) and anti-SRBC titers ( P  < 0.05) in response to secondary immunization, whereas PSP^L increased titers of anti-BA ( P  < 0.05) and anti-SRBC ( P  < 0.01). Proliferations of splenocytes and thymocytes were augmented with PSP^L ( P  < 0.05). PSP^H-treated chickens had lower ( P  < 0.05) ratios of CD4-sigle positive lymphocytes. Proliferation of PBL, weights of lymphoid organs and WBC counts were not affected. These results suggest that dietary PSP supplementation could enhance the immune response after immunization in chickens.     

安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交及其效果研究

［目的］为了进一步优化牦牛肉品质,有效缩短牦牛养殖周期,提高其受胎率和犊牛成活率。［方法］本研究进行了安格斯肉牛与牦牛杂交试验,,利用安格斯肉牛冷冻精液,对251头经产母牦牛进行了人工授精。［结果］人工授精后,分别于2013年产犊42头,成活率66.67%;2014年产犊51头,成活率95.7%;2015年产犊67头,成活率91.04%。［结论］牦牛膘情较好时期,受胎率可达83.33%,接近于奶牛人工授精的受胎率,达到了青海省牦牛人工授精的较高水平。     

文化与教育对生育意愿的影响及其演化趋势

我国当前的低生育水平表明适龄夫妇的生育意愿已经发生了变化,许多居民不再愿意多生育子女。根据日常生活经验,居民的受教育程度与所持有的家庭观念会影响其生育意愿,但影响程度及其演化趋势仍有待进一步量化研究。利用CGSS调查数据,分析近十年来教育与文化因素对居民生育意愿的具体影响和变化趋势。结果显示:居民的受教育程度与所持有的家庭观念都与生育意愿呈负相关;其中居民受教育程度与其意愿子女数之间的负相关系数多年来保持稳定,同时家庭的现代文化观念对于居民意愿子女数的抑制作用呈现逐年加强趋势。