干旱胁迫下杂草稻和栽培稻根系基因表达差异研究

利用Affymetrix水稻表达谱芯片(GeneChip Rice Genome Array)研究抗旱杂草稻HEB07-2与巴西陆稻(IAPAR9)在PEG模拟干旱胁迫下根系基因表达变化。结果表明,杂草稻HEB07-2转录组对干旱信号的响应程度与方向均与巴西陆稻存在很大差异,HEB07-2以正向调控为主,而巴西陆稻以负调控为主。干旱胁迫下杂草稻HEB07-2与巴西陆稻分别有6878个和2923个基因表达,其中HEB07-2受干旱胁迫诱导上调的基因有4693个,下调的基因有2185个;而巴西陆稻则分别有983个和1940个。在差异基因表达的倍数上也是HEB07-2高于巴西陆稻。进一步的GO分析表明,在干旱胁迫下,HEB07-2和IAPAR9根系基因响应途径的差异表现为HEB07-2在钾离子转运(GO:0006813)、次生物质代谢(GO:0019748)、细胞生长(GO:0016049)、葡萄糖代谢(GO:0006006)、跨膜离子转运器活性(GO:0015075)、亚铁血红素结合体(GO:0020037)、氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491)等方面基因显著上调,这与生理数据和表型数据一致。     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

蛋鸡育成期饲喂的10个黄金法则

现代蛋鸡养殖对蛋鸡提出了越来越高的要求 :20～60 周产蛋要达到 260 枚以上、体重更小、采食量更低、开产更早、初产蛋更大. 如何达到或接近这些目标,蛋鸡育成阶段的饲喂至关重要. 根据 RichardMiles 教授的研究和经验,如下 10 个关键点称得上育成期蛋鸡饲喂的黄金法则.     

籼稻背景下抑制不同ALK等位基因表达对稻米品质的影响

【目的】稻米糊化温度是影响稻米品质的重要指标，该性状受主效基因ALK/SSII-3调控，ALK基因具有多个复等位基因，本研究旨在通过RNAi技术明确籼稻亚种中两个不同ALK等位基因的效应。【方法】以分别含有ALKc和ALKb等位基因的高糊化温度品种珍汕97B和低糊化温度品种龙特甫B为试验材料，使用RNAi技术构建ALK表达下调的转基因株系，通过对其稻米理化品质的测定来明确不同等位基因表达下调对稻米品质的影响。【结果】对不同转基因水稻目的基因的表达分析显示本研究中转基因株系的ALK基因受到了不同程度的干扰。重点分析了不同RNAi株系稻米的糊化温度，结果表明珍汕97B的RNAi转基因稻米的糊化温度极显著降低，而在低糊化温度品种龙特甫B背景中下调表达ALK基因后对糊化温度的影响较小；转基因株系与未转化亲本相比，米粉的起始糊化温度都显著降低，表现为提前糊化；在珍汕97B背景下干扰系的峰值温度与未转化亲本相比极显著降低，而在龙特甫背景下米粉的峰值温度与未转化对照相比显著降低。对不同转基因系的理化品质分析表明，ALK下调表达植株稻米的表观直链淀粉含量显著增加，下调表达ALK后会引起米粉峰值黏度和崩解值的改变。高糊化温度品种珍汕97B干扰系与未转化对照相比胶稠度呈现极显著性差异，而低糊化温度品种龙特甫干扰系的胶稠度与未转化对照相比没有差异。【结论】下调表达ALK等位基因对稻米理化品质产生显著影响，并且干扰不同等位基因的效应存在明显差异，即籼稻中的两个ALK等位基因的效应存在显著差异。     

青蒿中番茄斑萎病毒和烟草花叶病毒的分子鉴定及相关序列分析

番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)和烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)是2种重要的植物病原病毒, 对多种经济作物的产量和品质均造成严重影响。2021年-2022年, 在云南省丽江市烟草种植区不同烟区采集叶片黄化、皱缩以及无症状的青蒿Artemisia caruifolia样品共计14份, 利用免疫金标速测卡和RT-PCR对其病原病毒进行检测。利用免疫金标速测卡检测结果显示, 在所检样品中有9份样品检测出TSWV, 检出率为64.28%, 有3份样品检测出TMV, 检出率为21.43%, 2种病毒复合侵染的检出率同样为21.43%;利用RT-PCR对复合侵染的3份样品进行分子检测, 结果显示, 在3份复合侵染青蒿样品中获得3条TSWV N基因序列、3条TMV cp基因序列和2条TMV RdRp部分序列。TSWV青蒿分离物与分离自云南的TSWV-2分离物相似性最高, 为99.6%;TMV青蒿分离物与分离自辽宁的TMV-Shenyang分离物和分离自云南的TMV-Yongren-1相似性最高, 均大于99.4%。这是首次发现TSWV和TMV 2种不同属病毒复合侵染青蒿。     

Grain Quality as Affected by Down-regulation of Expression of Different ALK Alleles in indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

【Objective】Gelatinization temperature (GT) is one of the key physicochemical properties in rice quality, which is mainly regulated by ALK (SSII-3) gene. In general, there are two ALK alleles among indica cultivars. To detect their functional differentiation in indica rice,【Method】Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety carrying ALKc allele) and Longtefu B (a low GT variety carrying ALKb allele), were used as receptors for the generation of transgenic rice with down-regulation of ALK expression by RNA interference (RNAi).【Result】Down-regulation of ALK gene significantly decreased the GT of the transgenic lines. Due to the difference of original GT between the two receptors, the GT of transgenic rice lines derived from Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety) decreased significantly, but it is slightly decreased in transgenic plants derived from Longtefu B (a low GT variety). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the initial temperature of RNAi transgenic rice was significantly lower than the corresponding control and the transgenic lines were gelatinized in advance. The peak value of GT(Tp) in RNAi rice grains was significantly lower than that of the control under Zhenshan 97B background. However, Tp of RNAi rice grains under Longtefu B background was significantly lower than the control to a lesser extent. Also, down-regulation of ALK expression had a significant effect on rice physical-chemical characteristics. An increase of apparent amylose content in RNAi transgenic plants was detected due to the decreased expression of ALK gene. Besides, the pasting properties showed that down-regulation of ALK gene had obvious effects on peak viscosity and breakdown value, improving the taste of the transgenic rice. The gel consistency was significantly different among Zhenshan 97B RNAi lines and their parents, but no difference was found in Longtefu-derived transgenic lines.【Conclusion】RNA interference to ALK allele expression had a significant effect on rice quality, especially the gelatinization characters. Down-regulated expression level of ALKc allele would cause larger variation of physical-chemical characteristics between transgenic rice and their parent than that of ALKb allele.     

水稻热耗散对逆境的响应

非光化学猝灭(NPQ)常用于评估以热能途径耗散的光能(热耗散),热耗散在维持光能转化平衡中起着重要作用,是水稻叶片重要的光防御机制。大量研究表明,热耗散的诱导受跨类囊体膜ΔpH、叶黄素循环和PsbS蛋白等的调控;NPQ与光保护效应不呈线性关系,只有在某些特定条件下,NPQ才可作为光保护效应的有效指标;在高温、低温、缺氮、干旱、盐胁迫等逆境下水稻NPQ显著增加,热耗散可能与水稻抗逆性密切相关。本文从热耗散的诱导和调控机制、NPQ与光保护效应以及水稻NPQ对环境因子(温度、氮营养、水分、盐)的响应等4个方面综述了水稻叶片热耗散的研究进展,并对水稻NPQ与抗逆性关系的研究作了展望。     

Resistance of Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Transgenic Rice to Bacterial Blight

Antimicrobial peptide is a polypeptide with antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial peptide genes Np3 and Np5 from Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis) were integrated into Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv. Aichi ashahi by Agrobacterium mediated transformation system. PCR analysis showed that the positive ratios of Np3 and Np5 were 36% and 45% in T0 generation, respectively. RT-PCR analysis showed that the antimicrobial peptide genes were expressed in T1 generation, and there was no obvious difference in agronomic traits between transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Four Np3 and Np5 transgenic lines in T1 generation were inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain CR4, and all the four transgenic lines had significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial blight caused by the strain CR4. The Np5 transgenic lines also showed higher resistance to bacterial blight caused by strains JS97-2, Zhe 173 and OS-225. It is suggested that transgenic lines with Np5 gene might possess broad spectrum resistance to rice bacterial blight.     

Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation System for Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1IA

To construct the T-DNA insertional mutagenesis transformation system for rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,the virulent isolate GD118 of this pathogen was selected as an initial isolate for transformation.The conditions for transformation of isolate GD118 were optimized in five aspects,i.e.pre-induction time,co-culture time,acetosyringone(AS) concentration at the co-culture phase,co-culture temperature and pH value of induction solid medium(ISM) at the co-culture phase.Finally,a system ...