Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

Risk factors and ankle brachial indexes in cerebral infarction combined with peripheral arterial disease

BACKGROUND: Ankle brachial index(ABI)is widely involved in researches and clinical application of peripheral vascular injury of patients with diabetes (DM);however ,the application in cerebral infarction(CI)is rare.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible risk factor of cerebral infarction plus peripheral arterial disease(PAD),compare metabolic characteristics of patients who having CI plus PAD or only having CI,and understand the significance of ABI on screening and diagnosing CI plus PAD of lower limb.DESIGN: Contrast observation based on CI patients.SETTING: Deparment of Neurology,Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 124 CI patients were selected from Department of Neurology.Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2005 to April 2006,including 72 males and 52 females aged from 45 to 88 years.All patients met the diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by National Academic Conference of Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and determined as cerebral infarction with MRI or CT examination.All patients provided informed consent.There were 46 cases(37.2%)with CI plus PAD and 78 cases(62.8%)only with CI.METHODS: Blood pressure of bilateral ankles and upper extremities was measured at plain clinostatism with DINAMAP blood pressure monitor(GE Company).The ratio between average systolic pressure of lateral ankle and average systolic pressure of both upper extremities was regarded as ABI.The normal ABI was equal to or more than 0.9.If ABI＜0.9 occurred at one side,patients were diagnosed as PAD.On the second morning after hospitalization,blood was collected to measure fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG2h),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Among them,blood glucose.lipid and other biochemical markers were measured with enzyme chemistry assay and HbA1c was measured with HbA1c meter based on high liquid phase.Measurement data and enumeration data were compared with t test and Chi-square test.and multiple factors were deat with Logistic regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of correlation between ABI and metabolic markers with multivariate linear regression analysis;risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis;comparisons of metabolic markers between PAD and non-PAD patients.RESULTS:All 124 patients with acute CI were involved in the final analysis.①Comparisons of metabolic markers:Levels of serum LDL-C and uric acid(UA)were higher of PAD patients than those of non-PAD patients(t=2.051 9,3.339 1,P＜0.05);however,there were no significant differences among other metabolic markers(P＞0.05).②Results of multivariate linear regression analysis:PBG2h,LDL.C and UA were obvious correlation with ABI of posterior tibial artery of lower limb and dorsal pedis artery rpartial regression coefficient:-0.231 to-1.010,P＜0.05).③Risk factors of CI plus PAD with Logistic regression analysis:Age.Smoking history,sum of CI focus(≥3)and LDL-C were independent risk factor of CI plus PAD(OR=1.524-5.422,P＜0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION:①Levels of serum LDL-C and UA of patients with CI plus PAD are high.②ABI of lower limbs is correlation with PBG2h,LDL-C and UA.In addition,measuring ABI is beneficial for early diagnosing PAD of lower limbs of patients who have poorly controlled blood glucose,abnormal lipid and poor renal function.③Age,LDL-C and sum of CI focus(≥3)are independent risk factors of CI plus PAD.It is of significance for screening non-PAD patients to evaluate risk degrees and prognosis and select therapeutic methods based on ABI measurement.     

维生素C和维生素E辅加剂降低引起胚胎毒性的氧化作用和提高胚囊发育率

维生素C和维生素E辅加剂降低引起胚胎毒性的氧化作用和提高胚囊发育率@Wang X @赵铀     

老年舌扁桃体增生38例临床分析

目的探讨老年舌扁桃体增生的临床特征。方法回顾性分析38例老年舌扁桃体增生病例的临床资料。结果38例均行舌扁桃体微波热凝治疗后显效60.5%(23/38),有效29%(11/38),无效10.5%(4/38),总有效率89.5%。结论除外其他病因,老年咽部不适与舌扁桃体增生明显相关,临床医生应掌握舌扁桃体增生所致的临床特征,并注意鉴别诊断。     

椎管内原发性曲霉菌病一例

椎管内原发性曲霉菌病一例金卫中冯增文患者女，４２岁。因腰痛４年，双下肢活动不灵５个月，瘫痪９天，于１９９３年１月１０日入院。入院后查体发现胸１２节段以下感觉减退，腰２椎体以下平面皮肤温痛觉消失，触觉减退，双下肢肌力为０级。双上肢肌力、肌张力正常。核磁...     

CTB染色技术对妇科疾病诊断的临床意义

我室检验人员在2002年8月参加了乌市中医院检验科举办的“妇科白带涂片多项检查快速染色技术(简称CTB染色技术)”应用于诊断妇科疾病具有良好的效果，为团场妇科疾病的诊断与治疗提供了可靠的依据，现报告如下。     

抗生素效价测定中EXCEL表的多碟兼容性

抗生素微生物检定法是测定抗生素效价最常用的方法。但是对试验结果需要进行复杂的可靠性检验，因此可以利用EXCEL表格进行计算，减少实验人员的工作量。已有针对抗生素效价测定的EXCEL统计表兼容性不高，现有表格把试验碟数固定为6碟一组，如果试验采用其它碟数为一组，表格就不能作为模板使用。因为表格中的重要参数自由度直接被嵌入公式，不能从外界进行变更，而增减试验碟数会使所有的自由度发生变化，因而导致了表格兼容性问题的产生。     

中医药防治"非典"专家报告会

2003年5月8日下午,中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理兼卫生部部长、全国防治非典型肺炎指挥部总指挥吴仪与在京知名中医药专家举行座谈,并发表重要讲话。吴仪副总理在讲话中充分肯定了中医药在防治非典型肺炎工作中的重要作用,对广大中医药工作者积极主动地投入到防治工作中的奉献精神给予了赞扬。吴仪副总理强调,中医是抗击非典型肺炎