有机溶剂作业场所通风排毒设施常见问题及控制策略

有机溶剂是工业生产中常见的职业病危害因素,所致的各类急慢性中毒时有发生。有机溶剂挥发至空气中呈无色透明状态,了解其在作业场所的挥发和分布特点,选择合适的通风排毒设施对于有机溶剂危害控制至关重要。本文拟通过分析有机溶剂挥发、分布的影响因素,结合各类通风排毒设施存在的常见问题,重点介绍有代表性的有机溶剂作业场所的通风排毒控制策略。     

Pick’s disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes: A clinical,neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case

We report clinical, neuroradiologic features, and neuropathologic findings of a 76‐year‐old man with coexistent Pick’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The patient presented with loss of recent memory, abnormal behavior and change in personality at the age of 60. The symptoms were progressive. Three years later, repetitive or compulsive behavior became prominent. About 9 years after onset, he had difficulty moving and became bed‐ridden because of a fracture of his left leg. His condition gradually deteriorated and he developed mutism and became vegetative. The patient died from pneumonia 16 years after the onset of symptoms. Serial MRI scans showed progressive cortex atrophy, especially in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Macroscopic inspection showed severe atrophy of the whole brain, including cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. There were Pick cells and argyrophilic Pick bodies, which were tau‐ and ubiquitin‐positive in neurons of layers II–III of the above‐mentioned cortex. Numerous argyrophilic Pick bodies were observed in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate fascia. In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dentate nucleus. Numerous thorned‐astrocytes and coiled bodies but no‐tuft shaped astrocytes were noted in the basal ganglion, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. In conclusion, these histopathological features were compatible with classical Pick’s disease and coexistence with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes.     

水通道：从原子结构到临床医学

阿格雷（Peter Agre）博士，美国杜克大学医学院细胞生物学系教授，约翰斯霍普金斯大学医学院生物化学系客座教授。阿格雷教授其研究成果在于分离出了长期以来所搜寻的特定输送水分子的通道。这一发现开启了针对细菌、植物和哺乳动物水通道的系列生化、生理和遗传研究之门，从而使得研究人员可以仔细跟踪水分子通过细胞膜的过程，并了解为何只有水分子而不是其他小分子能够通过细胞膜，阿格雷博士也因此获得了2003年诺贝尔化学奖。     

前置胎盘孕妇恐惧心理观察及护理

目的观察前置胎盘孕妇的恐惧心理反应，做好前置胎盘孕妇的心理护理。方法由孕妇自行填写CES-D和SA2量表，进行统计学分析。结果70．2％的前置胎盘孕妇具有恐惧心理。结论在妊娠过程应提高孕妇认知水平，加强心理护理，有助于她们顺利渡过妊娠期。     

胸膜腔造影和注射粘连剂对难治性气胸的诊治

目的：为更清晰地显示顽固性气胸的漏气部位和性质，为不能耐受手术者摸索一种新的治疗手段。方法：选择１８例患者，先用７６％泛影葡胺行胸膜腔造影，而后在局部注入少量粘连剂。结果：造影后发现多发性肺大泡８例，单发性肺大泡６例，肺大泡伴粘连带４例。病变分别位于左上肺，右上肺，中下肺野及叶间裂。注射粘连剂后，１５例一次成功，３例第二次成功。随防６～１８个月，未见复发。结论：该方法易掌握，无明显副作用。病变显示明显，易被患者接受，具有明显的临床效果和推广价值     

运动疲劳对大鼠十二指肠电活动的影响

本文报道了大鼠十二指肠电活动在运动疲劳前后的数值。结果表明：在运动疲劳后，快波、慢波振幅明显增加，而其频率却减少；Ⅰ相缩短，Ⅱ相延长，Ⅲ相、Ⅳ相及ＩＤＭＥＣ周期无显著变化；并在运动疲劳后９．７±２．４ｍｉｎ内出现不规律的食后型的电活动。这些改变可了解运动疲劳对消化系统的影响。     

人端粒酶RNA的cDNA探针制备及其对胃粘膜细胞端粒酶RNA表达的检测

目的 建立人端粒酶RNA表达的检测方法。方法 制备人端粒酶RNA，(human telomeraseRNA，hTR)的cDNA探针，分别应用RNA斑点杂交与端粒重复序列扩增法(TRAP)分析检测不同胃粘膜的端粒酶RNA的表达与端粒酶活性。结果 人端粒酶RNA的cDNA探针制备成功。18例活检胃癌组织及45例手术胃癌组织RNA斑点杂交检测的阳性率均为l00％，相应TRAP分析的阳性率分别为88．89％、86．67％，低于RNA斑点杂交(P＜0．05)。同时RNA斑点杂交结果提示在非癌胃组织中随着肠化程度增高人端粒酶RNA表达也增强。结论 RNA斑点杂交检测人端粒酶RNA，具有高度的敏感性和特异性，弥补了TRAP分析敏感性不足的缺点。