67例糖尿病酮症酸中毒诱因分析

酮症酸中毒是临床上糖尿病最容易出现的并发症,诱发因素很多,如果抢救治疗不及时,可危及患者生命。我们近8年收治有明确诱因的糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者67例,就其诱因分析报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料:67例病人均为住院病人,其诊断均符合1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准,其中男40例,女2     

原发性输尿管癌20例报告

原发性输尿管癌２０例报告高嵩姜长明刘典夫付成军自１９８２年１０月～１９９６年１０月共收治原发性输尿管癌２０例，均经手术和病理证实。报告如下。临床资料本组男７例，女１３例。年龄５５～７４岁，平均６６．２岁。左侧１４例，右侧６例。中段７例，下段１３例。病...     

辅助疗法在护理中的应用

补充正统疗法的辅助疗法或替代疗法（CAM）越来越被广泛接受。越来越多的病人正转向使用CAM，但最近一期《护理时代》刊登的报告指出：将CAM应用在护理中仍有困难。重要的是要清楚这些疗法的原理及其适用范围，及了解病人喜欢CAM的原因，掌握其疗效和安全性等。     

Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

健康教育对癫癇患儿亲属依从性的影响

癫癇是由各种病因引起的一种慢性反复发作的综合征，疗程较长。如不依从医嘱坚持治疗，突然停、换或漏服药物。将会导致抗癜癇药物的血药浓度下降。引起癫癇发作。甚至癫癇持续状态的发生。也可发展成顽固性癫癇或减少其最终控制的可能性。儿科住院患者为14岁以下儿童，大多数表达能力较差。因此与医护人员交往的主要为患儿亲属，如果患儿亲属的心身健康，积极应激，给患儿良好的心理支持，配合治疗，对患儿恢复健康有益；而患儿亲属消极应激，不仅影响其本人的心身健康，而且加重患儿的心理负担，从而影响医嘱的依从性，影响疗效。研究认为造成癫癇患儿不依从的主要原因是患儿亲属本身缺乏健康知识。对癫癇的认识不足。[第一段]     

肱骨近端骨密度的测量及其与年龄和体质量指数的相关性研究

目的 建立一种肱骨近端骨密度(BMD)的测量方法,研究肱骨近端BMD与年龄和体质量指数(BMI)的关系,探讨肱骨近端BMD在预报骨质疏松症的敏感性.方法 选择绝经后健康女性志愿者,使用Hologie DELPHI-A双能X射线骨密度仪及本研究设计的肩部定位器和前臂定位器测虽肱骨近端BMD.研究第一部分包括30名忐愿者,每人连续测量右侧肱骨近端BMD 2次,根据测量结果计算短期精密度RMS SD和RMS CV;第二部分包括92名志愿者,记录其年龄、身高、体重,测量右侧肱骨近端BMD,分析肱骨近端BMD与年龄和BMl的相关性.结果 本研究肱骨近端BMD测量方法的短期精密度:RMS SD=0.011 g/cm2,RMS CV=2.4%.本研究92名志愿者平均(60.2±6.4)岁,平均身高(159.5±5.4)cm,平均体质晕(59.4±7.5)kg,平均BMI 23.3±2.7,平均肱骨近端BMD(0.543±0.083)g/cm2,肱骨近端BMD 同年龄呈负相关,同BMI无显著相关.结论 本研究建立了一种测苗肱骨近端BMD的方法;年龄越人肱骨近端BMD越低;由于BMI对BMD的影响会掩盖骨质的丢失,而非负重区域即肱骨近端会最大程度地减少BMI对BMD的影响程度.     

药物性肝损伤29例临床分析

由于药物在临床实践中广泛运用，加之近十几年来新药、保健品、减肥药层出不穷，药物性肝损伤相对常见，现仅就我院29例已确诊为药物性肝损伤患者的临床资料进行如下分析，与各位同仁共同探讨。     

眶内注射曲安奈德治疗甲状腺相关眼病的方法与护理

目的 探讨眶内注射曲安奈德的方法及治疗前后的护理。方法 回顾性分析我院门诊临床诊断TAO 83例92眼患者，根据病变部位，采取不同位置行眶内曲安奈德注射以及注射前后的护理。结果 下直肌旁注射42眼，上直肌旁注射34眼，泪腺区注射16眼。部分患者注射前出现紧张、焦虑的心理反应，经心理护理调整心态后积极配合治疗。全部病例注射后无眶内出血发生，部分患者主诉注射后疼痛，经四头带加压包扎、手掌按压，配合心理调适后症状减轻。结论 眶内局部注射曲安奈德对于治疗TAO是一种较好的方法。注射位置、方法、治疗前后的心理护理及注射后压迫观察尤为重要。