NiZnCu Ferrite Thick Film with Nano Scale Crystallites Formed by the Aerosol Deposition Method

This paper describes the magnetic properties of NiZnCu ferrite film deposited at room temperature by an aerosol deposition method (ADM). The thickness of the film was 6 μm and the deposition rate was estimated as 2 μm/min. The microstructure of as-deposited at room temperature films consists of randomly oriented nanocrystallites with a size of 20 nm. As-deposited and annealed films exhibited the following magnetic properties: intensity of magnetization M _s= 0.147 T (117 emu/cm³), coercivity H _c= 40.58 kA/m (510 Oe); and M _s= 0.3 T (250 emu/cm³), H _c= 14.95 kA/m (188 Oe), respectively.     

BEOL工艺统合Integration--low-k Dual/Damascene的形成

1简介 当前,从成膜方法来讲,ILD loW-k材料大致上分为两类:一类是以SiCOH为代表的CVD(化学气相淀积)膜,另一类是SOD(旋转涂层)膜,它包括有机的、无机的和SiCOH.     

An expression profile of genes in human retina and isolation of a complementary DNA for a novel rod photoreceptor protein

PURPOSE: To characterize expression patterns of active genes in human retina, and to isolate novel genes that are uniquely expressed in this tissue. METHODS: A 3'-directed complementary DNA (cDNA) library that faithfully represents the composition of messenger RNA (mRNA) was constructed with an mRNA preparation from a cadaveric human retina. A total of 925 3' terminal sequences were collected by sequencing randomly selected clones, of which 789 were regarded as representing chromosomally coded genes (gene signatures [GS]). GS were compared with each other and searched against GenBank. The resulting expression profile, listing gene species and their frequency, represents the composition of mRNA in the retina. By comparing this expression profile with those obtained from 10 other source cells or tissues, genes uniquely active in the retina were discovered, including some not previously described. A full-sized cDNA corresponding to one of these was isolated and sequenced. Its expression was analyzed by multitissue Northern hybridization and in situ hybridization to the retina specimen. It was then mapped on human chromosomes. RESULTS: In the expression profile, 108 genes were detected recurrently, suggesting that they are very active. Fifty-five of them were identified in GenBank, including the most abundant opsin gene and several other genes for phototransduction. Among the remaining novel and active genes, 19 were considered unique to retina on the basis of their representation status in other expression profiles and in dbEST. One of these was identified as a gene that encodes a novel secretory protein expressed in a rod photoreceptor that maps to chromosome 18p11.3. CONCLUSIONS: The expression profile of active genes in the retina represents the composition of mRNA, which reflects the relative activities of genes in this tissue. A comparison of this expression profile with those obtained with other tissues resulted in isolation of a novel cDNA specifically expressed in the rod photoreceptor. It is anticipated that additional novel genes that are uniquely active in the neural retina may be obtained with the same strategy, leading to further clarification of the biologic or physiological characteristics of this tissue.     

Identification of a novel gene, MASL1, within an amplicon at 8p23.1 detected in malignant fibrous histiocytomas by comparative genomic hybridization

We used comparative genomic hybridization to study malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) from 19 patients to detect changes in the copy number of DNA sequences, along entire chromosomes. Together with losses and gains in various chromosomal regions, distinct high-level amplifications were found at six loci (4q12-21, 8p21-pter, 8q24.1-qter, 9q12-13, 12p11.2-pter, and 15q11.2-15), suggesting that those regions may contain unknown (proto) oncogenes. We focused on the 8p amplicon, where detailed characterization allowed us to determine that the minimal common amplified region lay between markers D8S1819 and D8S550 at 8p23.1. A novel gene designated MASL1 (MFH-amplified sequences with leucine-rich tandem repeats 1) was isolated from within this narrowly defined region. Expression of the MASL1 gene was enhanced significantly in MFH tumors bearing the 8p amplicon. The primary structure of its deduced product revealed an ATP/GTP-binding site, three leucine zipper domains, and a leucine-rich tandem repeat, all of which are important structural or functional elements for interactions among proteins related to the cell cycle. These features suggest that overexpression of MASL1 might well be oncogenic with respect to MFH.     

Preparation of acetamiprid-loaded polymeric microcapsules: Influence of preparation parameter in emulsion system on microcapsule characteristics

Microencapsulation of pesticides is a promising technique for avoiding high initial doses and multiple applications of the chemicals to agricultural land which cause environmental pollution. It is because the formulation is possible to improve the stability of the chemicals against environmental degradation and control the release rate. In the present study, polymeric microcapsules prepared by the solvent evaporation method via water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion were used as immobilization supports of acetamiprid, a water-soluble pesticide. The pesticide was loaded in the microcapsules by impregnating the polymeric supports with acetamiprid dissolved in an organic solvent. Increased volume ratio (ϕ) of inner aqueous phase to oil phase in the emulsion system contributed to more pores in the microcapsules and increase in the content of acetamiprid in the polymeric supports. Release rate of acetamiprid from the microcapsules could be controlled by changing ϕ.     

New amphoteric surfactants derived from lysine. I. Preparation and properties of Nε-acyllysine derivatives-acyllysine derivatives

New amphoteric surfactants were prepared from N^ε-acyllysine which was obtained by the thermal dehydration of a higher fatty acid salt of lysine and was not soluble in water. N^α,N^α-dimethyl-N^ε-acyllysine was prepared by the catalytic reductive condensation of N^ε-acyllysine ester with formaldehyde in good yield. N^α,N^α,N^α-trimethyl-N^ε-acyllysine was obtained from the reaction of N^α,N^α-dimethyl-N^ε-acyllysine ester with methyl iodide. Confirmation of the structure of these derivatives was obtained by spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses. The solubility of N^ε-acyllysine was improved significantly by the introduction of N^α-methyl groups. Physicochemical and surface active properties of the derivatives were investigated in terms of isoelectric points, dissolution temperatures, surface tensions, critical micelle concentrations (cmc), foaming properties and wetting powers. N^α,N^α,N^α-trimethyl-N^ε-acyllysine had lower dissolution temperatures than N^α,N^α-dimethyl-N^ε-acyllysine. The latter showed lower surface tensions than the former at cmc. N^α,N^α-dimethyl-N^ε-lauroyllysine was best in wetting power and foaming property.     

Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in pedigree with MEN type 2A: DNA analysis and its implications for pediatric surgery

To assess the feasibility of screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), the authors used DNA sequence analysis to evaluate the RET proto-oncogene in a kindred with MEN 2A. The kindred consisted of 95 members (1 to 79 years of age) and their spouses, and spanned five generations. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cell lines established from the family members, and the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using RET-specific primers (10q 11.2) and was sequenced. Periodic endocrine screening also was performed, by measuring the plasma calcitonin concentration after provocation with pentagastrin (0.5 microgram/kg intravenously) to assess its reliability for detecting the associated neoplasms. Nineteen patients were confirmed to have MEN 2A by medical records or the screening program. The DNA sequence of the PCR products from clinically established MEN 2A patients showed a mutation at codon 634 (TGC-->CGC) that resulted in an amino acid change from cysteine to arginine. Endocrine screening tests showed that six other family members had a mutated RET protooncogene. DNA sequencing can detect high-risk cases at a preclinical stage of the disease. The establishment of mutated MEN 2A gene carriers allows pediatric surgeons to consider total thyroidectomy at a very early stage of neoplasm development (C-cell hyperplasia) or even prophylactically.     

Preparation of polylactide-based microspheres enclosing acetamiprid and evaluation of efficacy against cotton aphid by soil application

Concern for the environment has increased interest in reducing the amount of pesticides applied to agricultural land. This can be accomplished by immobilization of the pesticides in polymer supports, which prevents volatilization, degradation and leaching losses, and provides controlled release of the pesticides. In the present study, acetamiprid, a novel pesticide, was enclosed in polylactide (PLA)-based microspheres using solvent evaporation method via oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsion. Amount of acetamiprid released from PLA microspheres was less than 5% in phosphate buffered saline. On the other hand, incorporation of water-soluble polymer, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(oxyethylene) diglycolic acid, into the PLA microspheres resulted in increased amount of released acetamiprid (∼70%). Planting hole application by greenhouse pot test demonstrated that the efficacy of the PLA/PEG microspheres enclosing acetamiprid against cotton aphids was superior to that of PLA microspheres enclosing acetamiprid. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Molecular cloning and mapping of a human cDNA (SC5DL) encoding a protein homologous to fungal sterol-C5-desaturase

OBJECTIVE: To study the effective materials in the immune response and the humoral immunity in graft rejective reaction in the host after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). METHODS: PK was performed on 2 groups of monkeys with a 5.5 mm button in a 5.0 mm bed. The heterogroup (human to monkey) had 4 monkeys, and homo-group (monkey to monkey) also 4. Nelken's method was modified. Two kinds of antigens, corneal endothelial and stromal antigens, had been made the first time. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the anti-corneal endothelial antibody (ACEAb) in the serum and aqueous humor of the host. RESULTS: After PKP, the anti-corneal stromal antibody did not increase obviously, while the increase of ACEAb was distinct. CONCLUSION: Humoral immune response can occur in the host after PK, and the effective material is ACEAb.