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1.
Huiquan Wu Mansoor A. Khan Ajaz S. Hussain - Current address: Global Biopharmaceutical Development Sandoz Princeton New Jersey. 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2007,194(6):760-779
FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative provides an unprecedented opportunity for chemical engineers to play significant roles in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, the authors provide their perspectives on (1) the need for chemical engineering principles in pharmaceutical development for a thorough process understanding; (2) applications of chemical engineering principles to meet the challenges from the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries; and (3) the integration of chemical engineering practice into the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries to achieve process understanding and the desired state of quality-by-design. A real-world case study from the semiconductor industry is presented to demonstrate how a classic chemical engineering concept, mixing homogeneity, can be implemented by inducing forced flow to ensure an excellent copper electrochemical plating process performance and to improve product quality substantially. Further, a case study of brake system design is discussed with the concept of Dr. Taguchi's robust engineering design to illustrate how quality-by-design can be achieved through appropriate experimental design, in conjunction with the discussion on the concept of quality-by-design in pharmaceuticals. Third, a case study of freeze-dried sodium ethacrynate is presented to demonstrate the vital importance of controlling the processing factors to achieve the desired product stability. Finally, the problems of the current pharmaceutical manufacturing mode, the opportunities and engineering challenges during implementation of PAT in the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of chemical engineering in implementation of PAT is discussed in detail. 相似文献
2.
Wireless Personal Communications - Multimodal biometric systems combine feature knowledge from multiple traits to overcome shortcomings of unimodal systems. However, most of the traditional... 相似文献
3.
Bahareh Sarmadi Farhana Aminuddin Muhajir Hamid Nazamid Saari Azizah Abdul-Hamid Amin Ismail 《Food chemistry》2012
Fat, alkaloid and polyphenol contents of two clones of cocoa (UIT1 and PBC 140) were removed and the remaining powder was autolyzed at pH 3.5 and 5.2. Based on the results, autolysates of UIT produced at pH 3.5 exhibited the highest ability to inhibit α-amylase activity. However, no α-glucosidase inhibition activity was observed under the conditions specified. Autolysates produced under pH 3.5 caused the highest amount of insulin secretion. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, all cocoa autolysates significantly decreased blood glucose at 4 h. To assure that the results from the assays were not due to the polyphenols of cocoa autolysates qualitative and quantitative tests were applied. According to their results cocoa autolysates were found to be free from polyphenols. Analysis of amino acid composition revealed that cocoa autolysates were abundant in hydrophobic amino acids. It can be suggested that besides other compounds of cocoa, its peptides and amino acids could contribute to its health benefits. 相似文献
4.
Mohd Akram Hira Lal Mohammad Osama Farah Ansari Sana Anwar Kabir-ud-Din Ajaz Ahmad Samreen Naved Azum Hadi M. Marwani Abdullah M. Asiri 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2021,24(1):35-49
In this study, we prepared a novel series of diester-functionalized cationic gemini surfactants (Cm-E2O2-Cm) containing ethylene oxide as a spacer with varying alkyl chain lengths and characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and ESI-MS. The physicochemical properties of the geminis were explored by tensiometry, fluorescence, dye solubilization, and Krafft point. These geminis acquire superior surface activity than the conventional surfactants. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis affirmed that the micropolarity and aggregation number of micelles diminished with increase in the alkyl chain length. These geminis represent a new group of amphiphiles of considerably high biodegradability, better cleavability, and low toxicity as assessed by BOD test, FT-IR analysis, and HC50 analysis, respectively. They also showed significant level of antimicrobial activity toward some specified bacterial strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative by using agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis provided information regarding thermal stabilities of the newly synthesized gemini surfactants. 相似文献
5.
Malaysian population widely consumes the cereal-based foods, oilseeds, nuts, and spices in their daily diet. Mycotoxigenic fungi are well known to invade food products under storage conditions and produce mycotoxins that have threat to human and animal health. Therefore, determining toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB1) in foods used for human consumption is of prime importance to develop suitable management strategies and to minimize risk. Ninety-five food products marketed in Penang, Malaysia were randomly collected from different supermarkets and were analyzed for presence of Aspergillus spp. by agar plate assay and AFB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A. flavus was the dominant fungi in all foods followed by A. niger. Fifty-five A. flavus strains were tested for their ability to produce aflatoxins on rice grain substrate. Thirty-six (65.4%) strains out of 55 produced AFB1 ranging from 1700 to 4400 μg/kg and 17 strains (31%) produced AFB2 ranging from 620 to 1670 μg/kg. Natural occurrence of AFB1 could be detected in 72.6% food products ranging from 0.54 to 15.33 μg/kg with a mean of 1.95 μg/kg. Maximum AFB1 levels were detected in peanut products ranging from 1.47 to 15.33 μg/kg. AFB1 levels detected in all food products were below the Malaysian permissible limits (<35 μg/kg). Aspergillus spp. and AFB1 was not detected in any cookies tested. Although this survey was not comprehensive, it provides valuable information on aflatoxin levels in foods marketed in Malaysia. 相似文献
6.
In the present investigation, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests, fatigue
tests and the single edge notch tensile (SENT) tests were performed on unfilled, 1, 2 and 3 wt.% vapor grown carbon nanofiber
(CNF) filled SC-15 epoxy to identify the loading effect on thermal and mechanical properties of the composites. DMA studies
revealed that filling the 3% carbon nanofiber into epoxy can produce 65% enhancement in storage modulus at room temperature
and 6 °C increase in T
g. However, TGA results show that thermal stability of composite is insensitive to the CNF content. Tensile tests were carried
out at the strain rate range from 0.02 min−1 to 2 min−1. Results show that CNF/epoxy are strain rate sensitive materials, the modulus and tensile strength increased with increasing
of strain rate. Experimental results also indicate that modulus of the nanophased epoxy increases continuously with increasing
CNF content. But the 2% CNF infusion system exhibit maximum enhancement in tensile strength, fatigue performance and fracture
toughness as compared with other system. 相似文献
7.
Farhana Ajaz Mohd Naseem Gulfam Ahamad 《International Journal of Communication Systems》2023,36(10):e5490
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), communication takes place between vehicles to vehicles, the vehicles to the road side units, and vice-versa. The basic purpose of these communications is to share and exchange tremendous amount of data and information. For efficient information sharing, a systematic and structured connection establishment algorithm is needed. In VANETs, each connected node of the network need to be assigned a unique address. Hence, an algorithm is needed for the proper assignment of unique address to all nodes in the network. This paper explains different types of IP address protocols in VANETs. We have also explained advantage and disadvantage of existing IP address allocation protocols in VANETs. 相似文献
8.
Multimedia Tools and Applications - Disc herniation is considered as a very common spine abnormality resulting in severe pain in back and legs. Besides it has great impact on economy of suffering... 相似文献
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10.
Unconventional Synthesis of Pullulan Abietates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pullulan abietic acid esters (pullulan abietates) of different degree of substitution (DS) were synthesized
homogeneously in N,N-dimethylacetamide using differently in
situactivated abietic acid derivatives. In situ activation
was achieved with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, N,N‘-carbonyldiimidazole
and iminium chloride formed from oxalyl chloride/N,N-dimethylformamide.
The DS values of the biopolymer esters determined by acid-base titration after saponification indicated
that in situ activation with p-toluenesulfonyl
chloride is most efficient while in case of the in situ activation
with N,N‘-carbonyldiimidazole almost no polymer degradation occured.
The pullulan abietates were characterized by elemental analysis, GPC, FTIR-, 1H-
and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献