Realization of modular multidimensional complex digital filters using GIC concept

It is known that complex digital filters possess certain advantages over real digital filters in processing complex signals such as increased computational speed and efficiency. In this paper, a simple and systematic procedure which can be implemented through a computer program is presented for realizing a specific class of multidimensional (M-D) complex digital filters. The proposed filter structures are derived from analog reference configurations comprising generalized immittance converters and resistors by making use of wave concept. These filters possess many salient properties such as low noise, low sensitivity and capability of realizing multiple transfer functions simultaneously which are inherited from the reference analog filters they are derived from. These features make them attractive for very large-scale integrated (VLSI) implementation. It is shown that the proposed filter structures can be obtained directly from the specified M-D discrete transfer function without the need for realizing any analog reference configuration.     

Forced convection in cross flow of power law fluids over a tube bank

The forced convective heat transfer characteristics for incompressible power-law fluids past a bundle of circular cylinders have been investigated numerically. The cylinder-to-cylinder hydrodynamic interactions have been approximated via a simple cell model. The momentum and energy equations have been solved using a finite difference based numerical method for a range of physical and kinematic conditions. The role of the two commonly used thermal boundary conditions, namely, constant temperature or constant heat flux, on heat transfer characteristics has also been studied. Extensive numerical results elucidating the effect of shear-thinning viscosity on the values of Nusselt number have been obtained for Peclet numbers ranging from 1 to 5000, Reynolds number in the range 1-500, flow behaviour index 1?n?0.5 and three values of voidages, namely, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6, typical of tubular heat exchangers and tube banks. Under all conditions, varying levels of enhancement in Nusselt number are observed due to shear-thinning behaviour. The surface averaged Nusselt number shows strong dependence on the values of voidage, power-law index, Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The paper is concluded by presenting comparisons with the scant experimental results available in the literature.     

Using genetic algorithm to select the presentation order of training patterns that improves simplified fuzzy ARTMAP classification performance

The presentation order of training patterns to a simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) neural network affects the classification performance. The common method to solve this problem is to use several simulations with training patterns presented in random order, where voting strategy is used to compute the final performance. Recently, an ordering method based on min–max clustering was introduced to select the presentation order of training patterns based on a single simulation. In this paper, another single simulation method based on genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain the presentation order of training patterns for improving the performance of SFAM. The proposed method is applied to a 40-class individual classification problem using visual evoked potential signals and three other datasets from UCI repository. The proposed method has the advantages of improved classification performance, smaller network size and lower training time compared to the random ordering and min–max methods. When compared to the random ordering method, the new ordering scheme has the additional advantage of requiring only a single simulation. As the proposed method is general, it can also be applied to a fuzzy ARTMAP neural network when it is used as a classifier.     

Horizontal Voting Ensemble Based Predictive Modeling System for ColonCancer

Colon cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. Most colon AdenoCArcinoma (ACA) arises from pre-existing benign polyps in the mucosa of the bowel. Thus, detecting benign at the earliest helps reduce the mortality rate. In this work, a Predictive Modeling System (PMS) is developed for the classification of colon cancer using the Horizontal Voting Ensemble (HVE) method. Identifying different patterns in microscopic images is essential to an effective classification system. A twelve-layer deep learning architecture has been developed to extract these patterns. The developed HVE algorithm can increase the system’s performance according to the combined models from the last epochs of the proposed architecture. Ten thousand (10000) microscopic images are taken to test the classification performance of the proposed PMS with the HVE method. The microscopic images obtained from the colon tissues are classified into ACA or benign by the proposed PMS. Results prove that the proposed PMS has ~8% performance improvement over the architecture without using the HVE method. The proposed PMS for colon cancer reduces the misclassification rate and attains 99.2% of sensitivity and 99.4% of specificity. The overall accuracy of the proposed PMS is 99.3%, and without using the HVE method, it is only 91.3%.     

Antlion Algorithm Optimized Fuzzy PID Supervised On-line Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network Based Controller for Brushless DC Motor

In this paper, Antlion algorithm optimized Fuzzy PID supervised on-line Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network based controller is proposed for the speed control of Brushless DC motor. Learning parameters of the supervised on-line recurrent fuzzy neural network controller, i.e., learning rate (η), dynamic factor (α), and number nodes (N_i) are optimized using Genetic algorithm, Particle Swarm optimization, Ant colony optimization, Bat algorithm, and Antlion algorithm. The proposed controller is tested with different operating conditions of the Brushless DC motor, such as varying load conditions and varying set speed conditions. The time domain specifications such as rise time, overshoot, undershoot, settling time, recovery time, and steady state error and also integral performance indices such as root mean square error, integral of absolute error, integral of squared error, and integral of time multiplied absolute error are measured and compared for above optimized controller. Simulation results show Antlion algorithm optimized Fuzzy PID supervised on-line recurrent fuzzy neural network based controller has proved to be superior than other considered controllers in all aspects. In addition, the experimental verification of proposed control system is presented to test the effectiveness of the proposed controller with different operating conditions of the Brushless DC motor.     

Upregulation of Anti-Oxidative Stress Response Improves Metabolic Changes in L-Selectin-Deficient Mice but Does Not Prevent NAFLD Progression or Fecal Microbiota Shifts

(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health problem. NAFLD progression involves a complex interplay of imbalanced inflammatory cell populations and inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These signals can derive from the liver itself but also from adipose tissue or be mediated via changes in the gut microbiome. We analyzed the effects of a simultaneous migration blockade caused by L-selectin-deficiency and an enhancement of the anti-oxidative stress response triggered by hepatocytic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) deletion on NAFLD progression. (2) Methods: L-selectin-deficient mice (Lsel^−/−Keap1^flx/flx) and littermates with selective hepatic Keap1 deletion (Lsel^−/−Keap1^Δhepa) were compared in a 24-week Western-style diet (WD) model. (3) Results: Lsel^−/−Keap1^Δhepa mice exhibited increased expression of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes in the liver, decreased body weight, reduced epidydimal white adipose tissue with decreased immune cell frequencies, and improved glucose response when compared to their Lsel^−/−Keap1^flx/flx littermates. Although WD feeding caused drastic changes in fecal microbiota profiles with decreased microbial diversity, no genotype-dependent shifts were observed. (4) Conclusions: Upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response improves metabolic changes in L-selectin-deficient mice but does not prevent NAFLD progression and shifts in the gut microbiota.     

Fretting fatigue studies of titanium nitride-coated biomedical titanium alloys

Fretting fatigue is an adhesive wear mechanism caused by repetitive tangential micro-oscillation between two contacting materials pressed together under cyclic load. Bioimplants, such as hip joints and bone plates, are prone to undergo fretting fatigue failures during their service within the body. This article presents the fretting fatigue damage characterization of physical vapor deposition (PVD) TiN-coated biomedical titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb) subjected to cyclic loads. The PVD TiN layer delayed the damage because of superior tribological properties compared with uncoated alloys. Delamination and abrasive wear damage of TiN at contact caused failure of the alloy. Friction coefficient curves of the PVD TiN-coated pair showed an irregular pattern caused by the influence of wear particulates and Ringer fluid at the contact.     

Solar water splitting with p-SiC film on p-Si: Photoelectrochemical behavior and XPS characterization

The electrochemical properties of single-crystalline p-type 3C-SiC films on p-Si substrate were investigated as an electrode in H₂SO₄ aqueous solutions in dark and under white light illumination. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements indicates the p-type 3C-SiC film on p-Si substrate can generate a cathodic photocurrent as a photocathode, which corresponds to hydrogen production, and generate an anodic photocurrent as a photoanode, which corresponds to oxygen evolution. The surface chemical states of the films were investigated by XPS. In order to observe the surface chemical state changes after PEC test, the range of applied potential to the electrode was divided into three zones: −3.6 to 0 V, 0–1.5 V and 1.5–4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. After separated PEC tests in these three areas, XPS shows the surface of the SiC film in the range of −3.6 to 0 V and 0–1.5 V was stable without oxidation except the band bending occurred. But in the range of 1.5–4 V the film surface was oxidized due to anodic oxidation.     

Breakdown Voltage Enhancement of Al0.1Ga0.9 N Channel HEMT with Recessed Floating Field Plate

Silicon - In this paper, electrical and microwave characteristics of Al0.1Ga0.9 N channel HEMTs was reported. The device performance were evaluated for conventional gate, field plate gate,...     

Influence of High-k Passivation Layer on Gate Field Plate AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction HEMT

Silicon - In this work, we have analysed the influence of passivation material such as Silicon dioxide (SiO2), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4), Aluminium oxide (Al2O3), Hafnium Silicon Oxide (HfSiO4),...