Ratcheting limit of flat end cylindrical shell connections under internal pressure

Progressive plastic deformation, or ratcheting, is a failure mechanism in ductile structures usually associated with non-proportional actions. In the case of cylindrical shell flat end connections, with or without opening, ratcheting may occur under the action of cyclically varying pressure from zero to a maximum value, i.e. for single action and, therefore, proportional loading. In this paper the ratcheting limits for this connection under this loading and for two different models are given, for an ideal-elastic ideal-plastic constitutive law, Mises' yield condition and associated flow law. The results are compared with each other and with the limits for global plastic deformation given in the literature.     

Modeling time criticality of information

In this paper, we continue the research on formal treatment of attributes of information, based on the computational approach. In this scenario, the usefulness of advisory information is measured by the decrease in complexity of a problem we need to solve. We propose to model the time criticality via usefulness of a piece of information which is received during the computation. As a modeling tool, we use deterministic finite automata.     

Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung von dimeren Fettsäuren aus einem thermisch und oxydativ belasteten Bratfett

Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Dimeric Fatty Acids from Frying Fats Subjected to Thermal and Oxidative Action Methyl esters of dimers from peanut oil subjected to thermal and oxidative action in an industrial frying plant were isolated by column chromatography and investigated by mass spectrometry. Di-unsaturated bicyclic and tetra-unsaturated acyclic structures were found to be the main components of the dimers. Dimers of very similar composition were synthesized. The mechanism of dimer formation is discussed.     

Analysis of Alkylbenzenes by Capillary Gas Chromatography

Suitable operating conditions are shown for GC separation of linear alkylbenzene (AB) samples on capillary columns. Retention data on SE-30 of n-phenylalkanes C₉-C₁₆ were measured and separation factors for n-phenylalkanes isomers were calculated. For quantitative evaluation from peaks areas of n-phenylalkanes, correction coefficients were calculated. By statistical evaluation of errors, standard deviations and further statistical parameters were calculated, showing GC method as sufficiently accurate and reliable. From results of collaborative testing of the GC procedure for quantitative AB analysis, some recommendations followed, esp. for application of capillary columns with apolar thermostable stationary phase only, with advantage under temperature programming, applying reduced sample volume at limited FID attenuation. It must be pointed out, this method is strictly limited for linear AB.     

Grinding induced effects in plasma sprayed zirconia coatings

The effect of grinding on the surface layer properties of ceria and yttria partially stabilized zirconia plasma-sprayed coatings (CePSZ, YPSZ, respectively) has been studied by X-ray diffraction methods. For this purpose, the modified model of line broadening analysis has been derived. The model considers elastic anisotropic properties along with more random paracrystal imperfections, both affecting X-ray line broadening. Grinding-induced microstructural changes were also studied using an estimation from the quantitative Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) texture. It was concluded, based on this work, that CePSZ ceramic is less mechanically stable compared to YPSZ. Consequently, more beneficial mechanical properties of a ground surface layer can be expected for CePSZ plasma-sprayed coatings.     

Effect of dissolved tungsten on the deformation of 70Ni-30Fe alloys

A series of Ni-Fe alloys containing various levels of tungsten in solid solution have been prepared as a means to assess the influence of solid solution strengthening on the mechanical behavior of monolithic 70Ni-30Fe. In particular, 70Ni-30Fe alloys plus equilibrium concentrations of tungsten in solid solution nominally correspond to the compositions associated with the matrix-only portion of certain tungsten heavy alloys, that is, alloys comprised of a high volume fraction of nominally pure tungsten particles embedded within a minority Ni-Fe-W based matrix. The study shows that the working solubility of tungsten within the 70Ni-30Fe base composition increases slightly with temperature, from approximately 21 wt pct at room temperature to approximately 23 wt pct at 1400 °C. Increasing the level of tungsten in solid solution leads to increases in room-temperature yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility. In contrast, the deformation characteristics of the alloys, as quantified by the power-law work-hardening exponent, n, and the strain-rate-sensitivity exponent, m, show little variation with tungsten solute concentration.     

Artificial Dim Light at Night during Pregnancy Can Affect Hormonal and Metabolic Rhythms in Rat Offspring

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is considered an environmental risk factor that can interfere with the circadian control of the endocrine system and metabolism. We studied the impact of ALAN during pregnancy on the hormonal and biochemical parameters in rat pups at postnatal (P) days P3, P10, and P20. Control dams (CTRL) were kept in a standard light-dark regime, and ALAN dams were exposed to dim ALAN (<2 lx) during the whole pregnancy. A plasma melatonin rhythm was found in all CTRL groups, whereas in ALAN pups, melatonin was not rhythmic at P3, and its amplitude was lowered at P10; no differences were found between groups at P20. Plasma corticosterone was rhythmic at P20 in both groups, with decreased mesor in ALAN pups. Plasma thyroid hormones exhibited an inconsistent developmental pattern, and vasopressin levels were suppressed at the beginning of the dark phase at P20 in ALAN compared to CTRL. Glucose and cholesterol showed significant daily rhythms in CTRL but not in ALAN offspring at P3. Exposure to ALAN during pregnancy disturbed the development of daily rhythms in measured hormones and metabolites, suggesting that ALAN during pregnancy can act as an endocrine disruptor that can interfere with the normal development of the progeny.     

Die massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung von Neopentylpolyolestern III Neopentylglycoldifettsäureester

Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Neopentylpolyolesters, Part III: Fatty Acid Diesters of Neopentylglycole The fragmentation of the homologous fatty acid diesters of neopentylglycole (C₂ to C₁₈) upon electron impact was investigated. Main fragments arise by M-RCOO and M-RCOOH. Cyclic acetal structures for these ions are postulated. Subsequent fragmentation was elucidated by DADI-measurements and high resolution measurements. The influence of the length of the fatty acid chain upon the fragmentation is discussed. Esters of branched fatty acids can be distinguished from esters of n-fatty acids by characteristic ions.     

Strukturaufklärung cyclischer Fettsäuremethylester V: Massenspektrometrie isomerer Phenylundecansäure-methylester

Elucidation of Structure of the Methyl Esters of Cyclic Fatty Acids V: Mass-Spectrometry of Isomeric Methyl Esters of Phenyl Undecanoic Acid Isomeric phenyl undecanoic acids obtained by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene with 10-undecenoic acid were investigated as methyl esters using capillary gas-chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The isomers could be identified as methyl esters of (5-), 6-, 7-, 8-, 9- and 10 phenyl undecanoic acids. The fragmentation due to electron bombardment is discussed.     

The Flexible Rare Event Sampling Harness System (FRESHS)

We present the software package FRESHS (http://www.freshs.org) for parallel simulation of rare events using sampling techniques from the ‘splitting’ family of methods. Initially, Forward Flux Sampling (FFS) and Stochastic Process Rare Event Sampling (SPRES) have been implemented. These two methods together make rare event sampling available for both quasi-static and full non-equilibrium regimes. Our framework provides a plugin system for software implementing the underlying physics of the system of interest. At present, example plugins exist for our framework to steer the popular MD packages GROMACS, LAMMPS and ESPResSo, but due to the simple interface of our plugin system, it is also easy to attach other simulation software or self-written code. Use of our framework does not require recompilation of the simulation program. The modular structure allows the flexible implementation of further sampling methods or physics engines and creates a basis for objective comparison of different sampling algorithms.