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Goyer J.R. Connor K.A. Hickok R.L. Solensten L. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1994,22(4):403-409
Two-dimensional electron temperature and density data have been obtained in the midplane of the non-axisymmetric magnetic confinement device ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) through the use of a heavy ion beam probe. This beam probe differs from others operated on toroidal or open magnetic geometries in its combination of complete computer control with the steady-state nature of EBT which allows, under normal operating conditions, for extensive calibration of the system in situ, minimizing both alignment and acquisition errors, along with the use of synchronous detection to dramatically improve the quality of the detected signal over what is typically possible in fast pulse devices. These techniques are important and applicable to long pulse devices where the beam probe may be an ideal diagnostic to measure, for example, parameters of the edge plasma. While the EBT beam probe was implemented to obtain profiles of plasma space potential, we have found that it can also be used effectively to measure the temperature and density profiles in the midplane between magnetic field coils. The data obtained support the contention that the formation of a hollow temperature profile in the T-Mode sufficiently inverts the plasma pressure such that stability of the core plasma would be expected even without diamagnetic effects from the hot electron rings which have previously been considered essential 相似文献
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Goyer J.R. Kortbawi D. Sincerny P.S. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1994,22(3):242-245
The performance of a plasma opening switch (POS), as measured by the peak opening voltage developed, has been improved from ≈1.2 to ≈2.3 MV through a simple modification of the anode electrode. This modification was motivated by observation of electron damage to the anode in the POS region, and consisted of the removal of any metallic surfaces that exhibited significant damage and were not essential to the integrity of the switch. Because present analytic theories and PIC simulations of the switch have not yet addressed the effect modifications to the anode may have to the opening phase in depth, it is hoped that in addition to providing a technique for improving POS operation, the work reported here may also provide incentive for further theoretical investigation 相似文献
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Goyer J.R. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1993,21(3):341-345
A planar electron-beam diode with a strong magnetic field imposed normal to the electrode surfaces is found to operate as a fast opening switch when the electric field of the cathode is artificially enhanced with an array of needles as the emitting structure. Conduction times of hundreds of nanoseconds and voltages of order 400 kV are routinely achieved with this switch. Data from experiments using two different pulsed power drivers are presented along with a simple 1-D model to provide one possible mechanism to explain this observed behavior 相似文献
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We introduce herein the use of atomic-force electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) to simultaneously probe locally the conformation and motional dynamics of nanometer-sized single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA oligonucleotides end-tethered to electrode surfaces. The ss-DNA system studied here consists of a low-density monolayer of (dT)20 oligonucleotides, 5'-thiol end-tethered onto a flat gold surface via a C6 alkyl linker and bearing at their free 3'-end a redox ferrocene label. It is shown that, as a result of the flexibility of the relatively long C6 linker, hinge motion, rather than elastic deformation of the DNA chain, is the major component of the dynamics of both the (dT)20 strand and its post-hybridized (dT-dA)20 duplex. DNA chain elasticity is nevertheless sufficiently contributing to the overall dynamics to result in approximately 4 times slower dynamics for (dT-dA)20 than for (dT)20. Taking advantage of this dissimilar dynamical behavior of ss- and ds-DNA, it is demonstrated that hybridization can be easily locally detected at the scale of approximately 200 molecules by AFM-SECM. 相似文献
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MM Ottakam Thotiyl H Basit JA Sánchez C Goyer L Coche-Guerente P Dumy S Sampath P Labbé JC Moutet 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2012,383(1):130-139
Multilayers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and citrate capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) anchored on sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate modified gold electrode by electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) technique are shown to be an excellent architecture for the direct electrochemical oxidation of As(III) species. The growth of successive layers in the proposed LbL architecture is followed by atomic force microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation, and electrochemistry. The first bilayer is found to show rather different physico-chemical characteristics as compared to the subsequent bilayers, and this is attributed to the difference in the adsorption environments. The analytical utility of the architecture with five bilayers is exploited for arsenic sensing via the direct electrocatalytic oxidation of As(III), and the detection limit is found to be well below the WHO guidelines of 10ppb. When the non-redox active PDDA is replaced by the redox-active Os(2,2'-bipyridine)(2)Cl-poly(4-vinylpyridine) polyelectrolyte (PVPOs) in the LbL assembly, the performance is found to be inferior, demonstrating that the redox activity of the polyelectrolyte is futile as far as the direct electro-oxidation of As(III) is concerned. 相似文献
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The source-sink potential (SSP) model introduced previously [F. Goyer, M. Ernzerhof, and M. Zhuang, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144104 (2007)] enables one to eliminate the semi-infinite contacts in molecular electronic devices (MEDs) in favor of complex potentials. SSP has originally been derived for independent electrons and extended to interacting two-electron systems subsequently [A. Goker, F. Goyer, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 194901 (2008)]. Here we generalize SSP to N-electron systems and consider the impact of electron correlation on the transmission probability. In our correlated method for molecular conductors, the molecular part of the Hu?ckel Hamiltonian of the original SSP is replaced by the Hubbard Hamiltonian. For the contacts, however, the single-electron picture is retained and they are assumed to be spin polarized. Using our method, we study electron transmission in molecular wires, cross-conjugated chains, as well as aromatic systems. We find that, for realistic values of the electron-electron repulsion parameter, correlation effects modify the transmission probability quantitatively, the qualitative features remain. However, we find subtle new effects in correlated MEDs, such as Coulomb drag, that are absent in uncorrelated systems. 相似文献
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Goyer J.R. Kortbawi D. Childers F.K. Sincerny P.S. Weber B.V. Ottinger P.F. Commisso R.J. Thompson J.R. Babineau M.A. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1997,25(2):176-188
Plasma opening switch (POS) research for the DECADE radiation effects test facility is reviewed. This research was first performed on a half-scale generator, DECADE Prototype Module 1, and indicated the importance of the POS electrode geometry to obtain the required impedance at appropriate conduction times. It also was demonstrated that the conduction time jitter was suitable for a multimodule system. Preliminary experiments at full energy were then conducted on DECADE Module 1 that indicated significant current loss when using a bremsstrahlung load, limiting the output radiation to about half of the DECADE requirement. These results initiated an effort to thoroughly diagnose the power-flow region downstream of the switch, an effort that ultimately provided improved understanding of POS operation and improved coupling to bremsstrahlung loads. At the conclusion of this effort, it had been demonstrated that it is possible for the POS-driven system to meet the DECADE requirements 相似文献
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Achraf Ghorbal Dr. Federico Grisotto Julienne Charlier Dr. Serge Palacin Dr. Cédric Goyer Dr. Christophe Demaille Dr. 《Chemphyschem》2009,10(7):1053-1057
An electrochemical lithographic tool for locally electrografting a non‐conducting organic coating on a conducting substrate with a submicrometer resolution is provided by atomic force scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM‐SECM). The picture shows the topographic AFM image of the line pattern drawn with an AFM‐SECM tip on a gold surface by direct reduction of an aryl diazonium salt/acrylic acid electrolyte solution.
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