Control of the interparticle spacing in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clusters by surface ligand engineering

Polymer-mediated self-assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO) nanoparticles allows modulation of the structure of SPIO nanocrystal cluster and their magnetic properties. In this study, dopamine-functionalized polyesters(DApolyester) were used to directly control the magnetic nanoparticle spacing and its effect on magnetic resonance relaxation properties of these clusters was investigated. Monodisperse SPIO nanocrystals with different surface coating materials(poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid)) of different molecular weights containing dopamine(DA) structure(DA-PCL2k,DA-PCL1k, DA-PLA1k)) were prepared via ligand exchange reaction, and these nanocrystals were encapsulated inside amphiphilic polymer micelles to modulate the SPIO nanocrystal interparticle spacing. Small-angle x-ray scattering(SAXS)was applied to quantify the interparticle spacing of SPIO clusters. The results demonstrated that the tailored magnetic nanoparticle clusters featured controllable interparticle spacing providing directly by the different surface coating of SPIO nanocrystals. Systematic modulation of SPIO nanocrystal interparticle spacing can regulate the saturation magnetization(Ms) and T_2 relaxation of the aggregation, and lead to increased magnetic resonance(MR) relaxation properties with decreased interparticle spacing.