基于压缩感知的动态散射成像

利用基于压缩感知的成像系统可以透过静态的散射介质获得高质量的重建图像. 但是当散射介质动态变化时, 因为采样所得的测量值受到散射介质衰减系数非线性变化的影响, 重建图像质量会大大下降. 针对上述情况, 本文提出基于压缩感知成像系统的测量值线性拉伸算法, 该算法能够对所得到的非线性测量值进行分析, 根据测量值大小的不同将测量值划分成数个区域并计算补偿系数, 从而根据补偿系数进行测量值线性拉伸变换, 使测量值线性化. 最后再对变换后的测量值进行压缩感知重建计算. 通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验证明了所提算法能够有效地应对动态的散射介质, 提高基于压缩感知成像系统在透过动态散射介质时的图像重建质量.     

Minimum mean square error method for stripe nonuniformity correction

Stripe nonuniformity is very typical in line infrared focal plane (IRFPA) and uncooled starring IRFPA. We develop the minimum mean square error (MMSE) method for stripe nonuniformity correction (NUC). The goal of the MMSE method is to determine the optimal NUC parameters for making the corrected image the closest to the ideal image. Moreover, this method can be achieved in one frame, making it more competitive than other scene-based NUC algorithms. We also demonstrate the calibration results of our algorithm using real and virtual infrared image sequences. The experiments verify the positive effect of our algorithm.     

Influencing factors of microscanning performance based on flat optical component

To decrease the performance difference between the actual microscanning thermal imager and the theoretical value, a germanium lens (placed at a certain angle between the infrared focal plane array and infrared lens) dip angle model of flat optical component microscanning is introduced in this letter. The model is the basis for choosing the dip angle of the germanium lens, which is used in the microscanning thermal imager. In addition, the actual dip angle of the germanium lens is chosen according to the model, the infrared lens parameters of the thermal imager, and the germanium lens parameters of manufacture and installation. Only in this manner can the optimal performance of the microscanning thermal imager based on the flat optical component be obtained. Results of the experiments confirm the accuracy of the conclusions above.     

纳秒激光作用下二氧化钒薄膜相变特性

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了VO2薄膜,应用X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱分析表明样品为多晶薄膜。采用泵浦-探针方法研究了二氧化钒薄膜的相变特性,实验结果表明当激光重复频率为160 Hz时,样品最小相变响应为12ns,相变恢复时间与激光能量按照自然指数关系变化。仿真结果表明当激光能量一定时,二氧化钒薄膜相变恢复时间与衬底材料的热导率、热扩散系数有关。     

CCD变积累控制技术

在分析微光图像噪声特性的基础上，提出了通过对微光图像信号进行积分，抑制随机噪声的方法，发展了ＣＣＤ可变积累控制技术，研制了ＣＣＤ外围驱动控制和视频制式转换系统，使激光图像信号直接在ＣＣＤ电荷包中进行多帧累加，有效地抑制了随机噪声，提高了低照度与低对比情况下的信噪比和灵敏度，同时避免了后续实时处理电路的高原干扰，图像质量有了明显的改善。     

Real-time three-dimensional infrared imaging using fringe projection profilometry

Infrared thermography determines the surface temperature of an object or human body. It is a promising imaging technology for medical and biological observations due to its contactless and completely non- invasive properties. However, traditional two-dimensional （2D） infrared thermography cannot retain the spatial information, and thus provides only qualitative diagnosis information. A novel real-time three- dimensional （3D） infrared imaging system which takes full advantages of high-speed, high-quality, high- sensitivity, and low-cost in 3D thermograph is presented. We demonstrate the real-time 3D thermal imaging at the speed of 24 frmnes per second （fps）, with resolution of 640 ×480 points. Experimental results demonstrate quantitatively measurement of temperature distribution of 3D surfaces in real-time is realized with this system.     

一种基于算法融合的红外目标跟踪方法

视频目标跟踪的难点在于快速、准确地在帧与帧之间匹配目标.由于红外图像目标与背景的反差低,图像的边缘模糊并且灰度级动态范围小,使红外目标跟踪难度比可见光更大.本文提出一种针对红外日标跟踪的融合算法,该方法融合直方图和不变矩的特点.首先利用目标的直方图计算简单快速的特点,由均值平移算法快速找到局部最优解,但由于该局部最优解仪为直方图匹配的最优解,缺少目标形状特征,与实际目标位置存在一定的偏差;其次,利用边缘小变矩作为修正特征修正误差,避免跟踪误差逐渐累计而最终导致跟踪失败,以提高跟踪的稳定性和精度.实验结果表明,该算法能够消除跟踪过程中的漂移现象,提高跟踪精度.     

基于各向异性扩散的红外图像噪声滤波算法

抑制红外焦平面阵列探测器噪声时,为了有效保持边缘细节,在塔基(Tukey)扩散模型的基础上,提出了一种基于各向异性扩散的滤波算法.算法由微分法提取边界点集,利用信号和噪声的空间分布特性对图像进行预处理,从而改善了Perona-Malik(P-M)方程的病态性.建立了新的扩散系数且该系数在理论上满足Charbonnier等人构造准则.通过给定边界条件实现了有利于保持边缘的目的.该算法已在基于DSP FPGA的硬件平台上实时运行,较好地抑制了噪声,又有效地保持了边缘,处理后的图像具有良好的视觉效果.     

PVDF微孔滤膜负载金纳米粒子用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的SERS快速检测

本文报道了一种利用聚偏二氟乙烯(Polyviny Lidene Fluoride,PVDF)微孔滤膜为载体的三聚氰胺(Melamine,MAM)的简便快速痕量分析技术。通过柠檬酸钠还原法制得平均粒径为30nm的纳米金溶胶,加入不同浓度的三聚氰胺后金纳米粒子快速聚集,这种纳米金聚集体可以通过简便快捷的过滤技术截留在PVDF微孔滤膜表面,进而用于SERS检测,在水溶液中最低检测浓度为0.05mg/L。我们进一步在牛奶样品中进行检测,在牛奶中检测限可以达到1mg/L,满足大部分国家规定的婴儿配方食品中三聚氰胺的限量值为1mg/kg的参考标准。该分析方法制备过程简单、成本低廉、总分析时间短,易于实现现场快速灵敏检测,应用前景广阔。     

一种具有噪声抑制功能的红外图像锐化算法

锐化是图像增强中一项关键性的技术,但如果图像中包含噪声,噪声也会因为锐化而放大,最终导致信噪比的降低.探索了一种算法既可以对图像进行锐化滤波,又不降低图像的信噪比.采用模式识别的相关理论,基于隶属度和概率松弛技术对红外图像中由真实边缘和由各种噪声引起的亮度数值变化进行区分,对不同区域采用不同的锐化处理.该算法不同于传统图像锐化算法只基于局部对比度的缺点,在图像锐化过程中考虑图像边缘和噪声的空间分布的差异,改善了传统边缘增强算法对噪声放大的缺点.实验数据表明,该锐化方法未引起信噪比的降低,具有良好的前景和实用价值.