420nm thick CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Br_x capping layers for efficient TiO_2 nanorod array perovskite solar cells

The rutile TiO_2 nanorod arrays with 240 nm in length, 30 nm in diameter, and 420 μm~(-2) in areal density were prepared by the hydrothermal method to replace the typical 200-300 nm thick mesoporous TiO_2 thin films in perovskite solar cells. The CH_3NH_3PbI_3-xBrx capping layers with different thicknesses were obtained on the TiO_2 nanorod arrays using different concentration PbI_2·DMSO complex precursor solutions in DMF and the photovoltaic performances of the corresponding solar cells were compared. The perovskite solar cells based on 240 nm long TiO_2 nanorod arrays and 420 nm thick CH_3NH_3PbI_(3-x)Br_x capping layers showed the best photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE) of 15.56%and the average PCE of 14.93 ± 0.63% at the relative humidity of 50%-54% under the illumination of simulated AM 1.5 sunlight(100 mW·cm~(-2)).