第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

Application of the first collision source method to CSNS target station shielding calculation

Ray effects are an inherent problem of the discrete ordinates method. RAY3 D, a functional module of ARES, which is a discrete ordinates code system, employs a semi-analytic first collision source method to mitigate ray effects. This method decomposes the flux into uncollided and collided components, and then calculates them with an analytical method and discrete ordinates method respectively. In this article, RAY3 D is validated by the Kobayashi benchmarks and applied to the neutron beamline shielding problem of China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)target station. The numerical results of the Kobayashi benchmarks indicate that the solutions of DONTRAN3 D with RAY3 D agree well with the Monte Carlo solutions. The dose rate at the end of the neutron beamline is less than10.83 μSv/h in the CSNS target station neutron beamline shutter model. RAY3 D can effectively mitigate the ray effects and obtain relatively reasonable results.     

Preliminary shielding analysis in support of the CSNS target station shutter neutron beam stop design

The construction of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been initiated in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Thus a detailed radiation transport analysis of the shutter neutron beam stop is of vital importance. The analyses are performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method. The target of calculations is to optimize the neutron beamline shielding design to guarantee personal safety and minimize cost. Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and the first collision source methodology is also illustrated. Two-dimensional dose distribution is calculated. The dose at the end of the neutron beam line is less than 2.5 μSv/h. The models have ensured that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the standard limit required.     

散裂中子源耦合慢化器的中子学研究

利用蒙特－卡罗方法研究了散裂中子源中耦合慢化器的中子学特性。给出了冷中子与热中子慢化器的中子能谱。甲烷慢化器提供了性能非常好的冷中子，在低功率的散裂中子源中得到了应用。计算了慢中子引出的角分布。由于较低的氢密度，液态氢的漫化能力低于水与液态甲烷，但是可以通过增加预慢化器来弥补这一问题。2cm厚的水预慢化器层可以大约减少热量在低温慢化器中的热量沉积33％而不破坏中子特性。     

中国散裂中子源二期靶站关键部件辐照损伤模拟计算

中国散裂中子源一期工程于2018年通过国家验收,当前束流功率已经达到140 kW.为进一步提高靶站慢化器输出中子强度,已经提出中国散裂中子源二期500 kW功率升级计划.靶站关键部件长期受到高通量、高能量的粒子辐照,会产生较强的辐照损伤,影响着这些部件的使用寿命.本文首先使用PHITS3.33程序计算了钨、SS316不锈钢、6061铝合金3种材料的质子和中子原子离位截面以及氢、氦的产生截面,并分析了NRT (Norgett-Robinson-Torrens)模型和热平衡前原子复位修正(athermal recombination corrected,ARC)模型对材料离位损伤的影响.在此基础上结合中国散裂中子源二期靶站基线模型计算了靶站关键部件在500 kW的束流功率下运行5000 h产生的原子离位次数(displacement per atom,DPA)以及氢、氦的产额.计算结果表明,钨靶受辐照后产生的NRT-dpa,ARC-dpa,H和He产额最大值分别为8.01 dpa/y (1 y=2500 MW·h),2.39 dpa/y,5110 appm/y (atom parts pe...     

心有所想思有所得如有所愿

作为典型的70年代生人,我成长于一个讲理想而又不得不重现实的年代.80年代末的大学生可能是最后一批用过全国粮票和油票的大学生.国家发展之快,使我们这一批大学生还没来得及品尝"天之骄子"的滋味,开公司、做生意、炒股票等人才就已经铺天盖地.     

Study of shielding design for SANS at CSNS

The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is presently being constructed at Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China, and the biological shielding design is needed to prevent the instrument from causing excessive dose rates in accessible locations. In this paper, the study of shielding design for SANS that relies on Monte Carlo simulation is introduced. Beam line shielding calculations are performed considering both scenarios of closed versus open T0 chopper. The basic design scheme of the beam stop is discussed. The size of the T0 chopper rotor is also estimated.     

Measurements of a periodically driving qubit using a quantum point contact

Using the method developed by Gurvitz [1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 15932], we obtained the Bloch-type rate equations describing the entire system of a periodically driving qubit monitored by a quantum point contact detector. The results demonstrate that the isolated qubit can be kept in its initial state with a large driving frequency due to more difficult electron tunneling in qubit, and this initial state can always be measured at a small measurement-induced decoherence rate during a short time.     

周期耦合量子阱中的输运问题

采用Gurvitz等人直接求解薛定谔方程的方法并结合数值计算,分析了驱动频率对周期耦合量子阱体系的电流的影响.结果表明：当驱动频率小于耦合量子阱间的能级差时,随着驱动频率的增大,系统平衡时的电流增加,当驱动频率大于耦合量子阱间能级差时,随着驱动频率的增大,平衡时的电流减小.这样,通过控制外场驱动频率来达到控制电流的目的. 关键词： 量子阱 驱动频率 电流     

Preliminary shielding analysis for the CSNS target station monolith

The construction of the China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS） has been initiated at Dongguan,Guangdong,China.In spallation neutron sources the target station monolith is contaminated by a large number of fast neutrons whose energies can be as large as those of the protons of the proton beam directed towards the tungsten target.A detailed radiation transport analysis of the target station monolith is important for the construction of the CSNS.The analysis is performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method.Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and first collision source methodology is also illustrated.The dose at the edge of the monolith is calculated.The results demonstrate that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the required standard limit.