量子信息讲座 第三讲 量子编码

量子编码使信息论领域发生革命性进展，它是量子信息论的主要内容之一。文章介绍了量子编码的基本概念和发展背景，评述一些现有的量子编码方案，包括纠随机错和防合作错的量子码，并追踪量子编码定理的研究进展。     

局域密度矩阵与全局矩阵的相容条件

判断一组给定的正定的厄密矩阵,是否可以由一个多粒子的密度矩阵通过约化掉一些粒子后来得到的(相容问题)是一个非常重要的物理问题.它也是当前量子信息学中一个引起广泛关注的问题,它与多粒子纠缠有着密切的联系.我们给出了相容问题的一些必要条件.     

量子态的概率克隆和认证

随机地选自一组非正交的量子态不可能通过幺正过程精确克隆。但是如果 幺正演化和选择性测量过程结合起来,则可以以一定的概率精确地克隆上述输入态,文章简述了概率克隆研究的最新进展,并同它和量子态认证之间的密切联系。     

Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins

We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell's demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon can start in a quantum superposition state or in an entangled state with an ancilla observer. Through quantum state tomography, we measure the entropy in the system, demon, and the ancilla, showing the influence of coherence and entanglement on the result. A quantum implementation of Maxwell's demon adds more controllability to this paradoxical thermal machine and may find applications in quantum thermodynamics involving microscopic systems.     

GENERAL SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS OF DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

General solutions are obtained for a class of quantum dissipative systems. This is achieved by calculating the characteristic function in the Heisenberg picture. The irreversible behavior of these systems is nalyzed. The general formalism is applied to some typical examples and the influence of noise on these systems is gained.     

REALIZATION OF THE WAVE-PACKET-COLLAPSE —A VIEWPOINT TO THE QUANTUM MEASUREMENT THEORY

An interpretion of the wave-packet-collapse (WPC) in the system of quantum mechanics is given. We find a connection between the WPC and the limitation to the measurement precision determined by the quantum fluctuation. A simple and explicit relation about them is obtained.     

离子阱量子计算规模化的研究进展

离子阱系统是当前实现量子计算最为领先的物理系统之一,已经在数十量子比特的规模下实现了保真度达到容错量子计算阈值的量子态制备、测量、通用量子逻辑门等基本量子操作.未来离子阱量子计算的一个重要研究方向,是在保持量子比特高性能的同时,进一步扩展量子比特的数量,最终达到解决实际问题所需的规模.本文介绍当前离子阱量子计算研究中主流的规模化方案,如离子输运方案和离子-光子量子网络方案等,以及各方案中存在的限制因素,进而探讨如二维离子阵列、双重量子比特等新的规模化方案及其前景.     

Probe Knots and Hopf Insulators with Ultracold Atoms

Knots and links are fascinating and intricate topological objects. Their influence spans from DNA and molecular chemistry to vortices in superfluid helium, defects in liquid crystals and cosmic strings in the early universe. Here we find that knotted structures also exist in a peculiar class of three-dimensional topological insulators—the Hopf insulators. In particular, we demonstrate that the momentum-space spin textures of Hopf insulators are twisted in a nontrivial way, which implies the presence of various knot and link structures. We further illustrate that the knots and nontrivial spin textures can be probed via standard time-of-flight images in cold atoms as preimage contours of spin orientations in stereographic coordinates. The extracted Hopf invariants, knots, and links are validated to be robust to typical experimental imperfections. Our work establishes the existence of knotted structures in Hopf insulators, which may have potential applications in spintronics and quantum information processing.     

Supplemental Materials: Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins

正A:Experimental Setup We use a home-built confocal microscopy with an oil immersed objective lens to address and detect single nitrogen vacancy(NV)centers in a single-crystal diamond sample,which is mounted on a doughnut shape,three-axis,closed-loop piezoelectric actuator     

量子孤子的噪声极限及准相干态

基于量子非线性SchrÖdinger方程的严格解和量子孤子态的定义,分析了光孤子的量子噪声,得出其局域粒子数和正交位相分量的噪声的最低极限,证明其不可能低于相干态下相应值,即对基孤子态该力学量的起伏不可能被压缩.还进一步表明,局域粒子数和正交位相分量取最低噪声的态均为准孤子相干态,在该态下量子孤子的波包扩散和相位扩散效应可以忽略.