静脉和硬膜外患者自控镇痛对术后睡眠失调的影响

目的：研究阿片类药对术后睡眠失调的影响及机制。方法：通过问卷调查，对239例妇科腹部手术后应用静脉和硬膜外吗啡病人自控镇痛(PCA)的病人进行了自觉睡眠质量、镇静、镇痛、舒适程度和副作用的评分。结果：手术后睡眠质量下降，而且自觉睡眠质量与副作用发生率负相关，与舒适程度无关，而与镇痛、镇静程度绝对相关。静脉组的镇痛镇静程度均优于硬外组，且具显著性差异，因此静脉组的睡眠质量明显优于硬外组；而硬外组虽然其舒适程度与静脉组无显著性差异，但其镇痛镇静程度较低，副作用发生率较高，因此其睡眠质量较低。结论：静脉组比之硬外组有较强的镇静镇痛程度，较低的副反应发生率和较佳的自觉睡眠质量。     

不同类型喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的比较

目的 比较Supreme喉罩、ProSeal喉罩与I-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 选择2010年1月至2012年9月在卫生部北京医院,拟行择期全身麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术的患者90例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄21 ～64岁,体质量45～90 kg,Mallampatti分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,经医院伦理委员会审核通过,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=30):Supreme喉罩组(S组)、ProSeal喉罩组(P组)和I-gel喉罩组(Ⅰ组).根据患者体质量选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,经引流管放置胃管,行机械通气.记录喉罩置入时间、喉罩置入次数、胃管置入次数、喉罩密封压、纤维支气管镜检查评分、术中通气指标、麻醉时间、苏醒时间,记录拔除喉罩后喉罩黏血、返流、咽喉痛、吞咽痛和声音嘶哑的发生情况.结果 3组麻醉时间、苏醒时间、纤支镜检查评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组术中SpO2、Ppeak和PETCO2均在正常范围.3组喉罩和胃管的置入成功率均为100％.S组、P组与Ⅰ组喉罩的气道密封压分别为(25±5)、(32±5)、(30 ±6) cm H2O,与S组比较,P组和Ⅰ组喉罩的气道密封压较高(P＜0.05).S组、P组与Ⅰ组喉罩的置入时间分别为(8±4)、(10±5)、(8±3)s,与P组比较,Ⅰ组喉罩置入时间缩短(P＜0.05).S组、P组与Ⅰ组喉罩的咽喉痛发生率分别为17％、20％、3％,与S组、P组比较,Ⅰ组咽喉痛发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 3组喉罩均可保证有效通气,可安全应用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者的气道管理.ProSeal喉罩、I-gel喉罩较Supreme喉罩气道密封性更好,I-gel喉罩较ProSeal喉罩置入简单,且并发症少.     

i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

目的 评价i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果.方法 择期全麻下拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄21～64岁,体重45～90 kg,Mallampatti分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):i-gel喉罩组(I组)和Supreme喉罩组(S组).根据体重选择喉罩型号,麻醉诱导后置入喉罩,经引流管放置胃管,行机械通气.记录喉罩置入时间、置入次数、胃管置入次数、喉罩密封压、纤维支气管镜检查分级、术中血液动力学指标、通气指标、麻醉时间和苏醒时间,记录拔除喉罩后咽喉痛、吞咽痛和声音嘶哑的发生情况.结果 两组麻醉时间、苏醒时间、喉罩置入时间、纤维支气管镜检查分级、术中血液动力学指标和通气指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组喉罩和胃管置入成功率均为100%.与S组比较,I组喉罩密封压升高,咽喉痛和吞咽痛发生率降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 i-gel喉罩气道密封性可靠,并发症少,可安全有效地应用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者的气道管理.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.     

术后硬膜外腔局麻药和小剂量吗啡配合的镇痛作用

硬膜外麻醉中由导管应用局麻药和注入术后镇痛药吗啡的时间与镇痛效果上的关系不太为人们注意,本文对40例妇科盆腔手术病人进行了对比观察,现报道如下: 资料与方法选择40例ASAI～Ⅱ级妇科盆腔手术病人,随机分为A、B两组.每组20例.两组术前均给安定10mg肌注.硬膜外选L2-3间隙侧入法穿刺,向尾部注药0.75%布比卡因4ml,向头方向置管4cm,用1.5%利多卡因+0.25%地卡因+1:200,000肾上腺素混合液维持麻醉.A(局麻药+吗啡)组在关腹前20min左右由硬膜外导管注入0.75%布比卡因4ml,B(吗啡)组关腹前不给局麻药.关腹后两组均给吗啡混合液(吗啡1.6mg+氟哌利多1.6mg+麻黄碱10mg用0.9%氯化钠稀释至6ml),术毕拔除硬膜外导管.     

布比卡因加强硬膜外吗啡术后镇痛作用的观察

ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级妇科盆腔手术病人４０例,随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组,每组２０例。两组术前均给安定１０ｍｇ肌注。硬膜外选Ｌ２～３间隙侧入法穿刺,向尾部注药０－７５％布比卡因４ｍｌ,向头方向置管４ｃｍ,用１－５％利多卡因＋０－２５％丁卡因＋１∶２０万肾上腺素混合液维持麻醉。Ａ组在关腹前２０分钟左右由硬膜外导管注入０－７５％布比卡因４ｍｌ,Ｂ组关腹前不给药。关腹后两组均给由专人配的吗啡混合液（吗啡１－６ｍｇ＋氟哌啶１－６ｍｇ＋麻黄碱１０ｍｇ用０－９％氯化钠稀释至６ｍｌ）,术毕拔除硬膜外导管。术后专人随访７２小时…     

i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.     

i-gel喉罩用于妇科腹腔镜手术患者气道管理的效果

Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel used in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 21-64 yr, weighing 4590 kg, undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30 each):LMA i-gel group (group Ⅰ) and LMA Supreme group (group S) . Mallampatti test was performed before operation in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.5-4.0 μg/ml) and remifentanil (target plasma concentration 3-6 ng/ml) . After the patients lost consciousness, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given to facilitate the LMA insertion. LMA i-gel and LMA Supreme were inserted in I and S groups respectively. A gastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of the LMA. In group S the air was injected into the cuff to make intracuff pressure reach 60 cm H2O after successful LMA insertion. The LMA placement time, the number of attempts of LMA insertion, the number of attempts of gastric tube placement, the airway sealing pressure, the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation, and complications (sore throat, odynopliagia,hoarseness) were recorded. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed after successful LMA placement. The anesthesia time and recovery time were also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the anesthesia time, recovery time, LMA placement time, fiberoptic bronchoscopy scores and the parameters of hemodynamics and ventilation between the two group. The success rates of LMA and gastric tube placement were 100% in both groups. The airway sealing pressure was significantly higher, while the incidence of sore throat and odynopliagia was significantly lower in group I than in group S. Conclusion LMA i-gel provides adequate ventilation during operation with fewer complications and can be used effectively for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.     

不同浓度舒芬太尼在老年腹部手术后自控硬膜外镇痛临床疗效评价

目的 通过比较不同浓度的舒芬太尼应用于老年腹部手术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）中的效果及相关不良反应。方法 66例择期老年腹部手术患者，男33例，女33例，年龄65—85岁，体重47—91kg。采用随机、前瞻、双盲的方法分为3组，术后硬膜外镇痛分别使用0．2μg／ml（A组）、0．3μg／ml（B组）和0．4mg／ml（C组）的舒芬太尼复合0．125％罗哌卡因，镇痛泵设定持续输注背景2ml／h，PCA量每次3ml，锁定时间30分钟。分别于术后4、8、20、24、48小时观察患者的VAS评分，镇痛药的使用剂量、PCA的按压次数及不良反应（镇静、恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒）、肛门的排气时间。结果 随着舒芬太尼浓度的增加，VAS评分、镇痛药的使用剂量、PCA的按压次数逐渐下降，PCA按压次数比逐渐上升，术后4小时、8小时A组的VAS评分高于B组和C组（P〈0．05），术后20小时的A组的VAS评分高于C组（P〈0．05）。术后4小时A组的镇痛药量及PCA按压次数高于C组（P〈0．05），术后镇静、恶心、呕吐及皮肤瘙痒发生率低，术后8小时、20小时C组恶心人数高于A组（P〈0．05），术后20小时C组皮肤瘙痒人数多于A组（P〈0．05）。C组肛门排气的时间高于A、B组，但无统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论 舒芬太尼应用于老年腹部手术患者自控硬膜外镇痛中效果明确，不良反应发生率低。0．3μg／ml舒芬太尼在获得满意镇痛效果的同时，不良反应少，适合老年腹部手术患者。     

氯诺昔康联合吗啡用于老年人骨科手术后静脉自控镇痛的研究

目的　评价氯诺昔康联合吗啡用于老年人骨科术后静脉自控镇痛的有效性和安全性。方法美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级，择期行下肢骨科手术的老年患者60例，随机分为两组，Ⅰ组（对照组，30例）患者以0．050％吗啡作为术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的药物，Ⅱ组（观察组，30例）患者以0．040％氯诺昔康＋0.025％吗啡150ml镇痛。以视觉模拟评分（VAS）作为衡量疼痛强度的指标，观察镇痛开始后4、8、20、24、48h的吗啡用量、镇痛效果、不良反应，并记录镇痛结束后的患者总体满意度。结果Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组镇痛开始后4、8、20、24、48h　VAS比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；各时间点吗啡用量间差别有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；不良反应除尿潴留外差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者对镇痛治疗总体满意度间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论　氯诺昔康联合吗啡用于老年人骨科术后镇痛，可减少吗啡的用量，减轻不良反应的发生，提高镇痛质量。     

低浓度罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼用于可行走式分娩镇痛的研究

目的 比较不同低浓度罗哌卡因混合舒芬太尼硬膜外自控镇痛用于产妇可行走式分娩镇痛的效果。方法 60例初产妇随机分为3组：I组为0．075％罗哌卡因加0．2μg／ml舒芬太尼；Ⅱ组为0．1％罗哌卡因加0．2“s／ml舒芬太尼；Ⅲ组为0．15％罗哌卡因加0．2μg／ml舒芬太尼。观察指标为：起效时间、PEA次数、VAS评分、运动神经阻滞MBS评分、分娩时间和方式产妇满意度和新生儿Apgar评分。结果 Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比，产妇镇痛效果明显好于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05），而下肢运动神经阻滞、分娩时间与方式差异无显著性。Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组相比，镇痛效果、分娩时间与方式差异无显著性，而出现轻度运动神经阻滞的比例Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）。结论 0．1％罗哌卡因复合0．2μg／ml舒芬太尼具有良好的镇痛效果，且对下肢运动神经影响轻微，是可行走式分娩镇痛较为理想的一种用药方案。