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1.
Between June and September, 1986, an outbreak of measles occurred in Pilkhi Primary Health Centre area (population 56,000) in Tehri Garhwal district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Overall, 1092 cases were identified and 62 died; case-fatality ratio was 5.7%. Illness was restricted primarily to children below 15 years of age; 38% cases were in children under 5 and 58% between 5-14 years of age. To better characterize the outbreak, a survey was conducted in 13 affected villages. The age of the cases ranged from 5 months to 19 years (median = 7.0 years). The age-specific attack rates were 22.4%, 54.5%, 46.2% and 35.3% for children under 1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 years of age respectively. In as many as four villages, the attack rate in children below ten was 80% or more. Secondary attack rate among family members was 70%. Overall, 82% of children with measles developed complications which consisted mainly of pneumonia, diarrhoea and dysentery. The age-specific case-fatality ratios in infants and children 1-4 years of age were 23.1% and 11.5% respectively; thereafter the rates tended to decline with increasing age and was higher in females than in males (less than 0.05). Pneumonia which was a complication in 39% of measles cases contributed to 56% of deaths. Traditional beliefs and customs in the area were strong and did not encourage treatment of measles cases. Although a measles vaccination programme has been launched in India since 1985, only 30 districts could be covered during the first year and another 90 during 1986.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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De Leo V; Morgante G; Lanzetta D; D'Antona D; Bertieri RS 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(2):357-360
We report the results of administration of danazol after suspension of
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy for uterine
myomas. A total of 21 women with uterine myomas was treated with 100 mg
danazol for 6 months after GnRHa therapy. Uterine volume and endocrine
status were monitored monthly by ultrasound and assay of plasma
gonadotrophins, oestradiol and progesterone. The results show a rebound of
uterine volume about 30% less than in controls at the end of danazol
therapy. Menstrual cyclicity returned after 65 +/- 3 days in 16 subjects
and five patients remained amenorrhoeic. Hormone assays confirmed renewed
ovarian function in the women whose menstrual periods returned. Bone
mineral content was substantially reduced during GnRHa treatment but
improved significantly during danazol therapy even in the women who
remained amenorrhoeic. These results show the utility of danazol in
prolonging the therapeutic effects of GnRHa. The mechanism by which danazol
inhibits rebound of uterine volume may be due to its antiprogesterone
effects on uterine myomas.
相似文献
4.
Narendra Nathoo Sameer S Nadvi Duncan Royston Mahesh Rana Premjith Gathiram Pratistadevi K Ramdial James R van Dellen 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2004,11(1):61-65
Patients with acute brain pathology requiring ferromagnetic bio-medical implants for on-going invasive monitoring are largely excluded from the benefits of MRI scanning. We evaluated the behaviour of a thermal diffusion cortical blood flow (TD-CBF) sensor both in vitro (phantom gelatin model) and in vivo environments in a high field strength MRI system.Two baboons underwent cranial subdural implantation of 2 TD-CBF sensors/hemisphere and a single left parietal sensor was implanted subcortically to determine any deleterious effects. Using standard MRI sequences, artefact size, thermal effects, current generation, movement and reliability of recordings were assessed during scanning.The deflection forces were negligible, no observable thermal effects were demonstrated, while wide fluctuations in cerebral blood flow recordings were recorded. Mean image artefact size for implanted sensors was 6 times larger than in vitro. Patients with an implanted TD-CBF sensor may be safely imaged provided the device is disconnected. The MRI images obtained are of an acceptable quality. 相似文献
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The authors report the clinical and laboratory findings of a patient who had severe immune hemolytic anemia due to hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). In this case, the HCTZ antibody reacted not only with other thiazide and thiazide-like drugs, but also with a chemically unrelated diuretic, ethacrynic acid. These results indicate that HCTZ antibody activity is not restricted solely to the thiazides and imply that therapy with any of the reactive drugs would be contraindicated for this patient. The serologic screening for drug reactivity may be useful for selecting alternative therapy for patients with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. 相似文献
8.
Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Kim L Bennell Rana S Hinman Ben R Metcalf Kay M Crossley Rachelle Buchbinder Michael Smith Geoffrey McColl 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2003,21(5):792-797
Proprioception plays an integral role in neuromotor control of the knee joint and deficits in knee joint proprioception are well documented in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the functional relevance of these deficits is not clear. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between knee joint proprioception and pain and disability in a large cohort of individuals with knee OA. Two hundred and twenty participants (145 F, 75 M) with symptomatic knee OA were recruited from the community. Five non-weight bearing active tests with ipsilateral limb matching responses were performed at 20 degrees and 40 degrees flexion to measure knee joint position sense. Pain and disability were assessed by self-reported questionnaires and objective measures of balance and gait. Results showed little association between knee joint position sense variables and measures of pain and disability (r values <0.24, most p>0.05). When comparing participants with the worst and best joint position sense, no significant differences in pain and disability could be found (p>0.05). While our study design does not allow causality to be established, these results suggest that deficits in joint position sense may be due to factors other than pain and that deficits are not large enough to impact upon disability. 相似文献
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Aging of post-mitotic cells, the conidia, of Neurospora crassa is defined as the time-dependent loss of viability under a constant laboratory environment which probably resembles the organism's tropical habitat; namely, at 30 degrees C, 85-100% relative humidity under white light. Median lifespan is defined as the age at which survival of a conidial population has declined to 50% of that of a fully viable population at birth. A collection of short (age-) and long-lived (age+) mutants were previously selected from the wild-type whose median lifespan is 22 days. Thus, five groups of strains with distinct lifespans of 7, 22, 36, 50 and 60 days were defined. The purposes of the present investigation were to determine if the activities of anti-oxygenic enzymes are correlated with lifespan and to elucidate the function of the cellular longevity determinant genes. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were highly-correlated with lifespan; whereas glutathione reductase and non-specific peroxidase activities were not correlated. The short-lived mutants were also deficient in cytochrome c peroxidase (CPX) and ascorbate free radical reductase (AFR), but not deficient in dehydroascorbate reductase. (These latter three enzymes were not examined in age+ mutants.) By isoelectric focusing analysis, the deficiencies of SOD, CAT, and GPX activities of age- mutants were defined in terms of specific isozymes. The mutants were specifically deficient in a cyanide-resistant mitochondrial isozyme of SOD. Sixteen age- genes, called the age-1 complex, were previously mapped on one arm of the seven chromosomes. On the basis of mapping and complementation data, it was inferred that the genes are spatially and functionally redundant. The hypothesis of functional redundancy is also supported by the enzyme data. Of seven mutants examined, representing seven of the age- genes, all were deficient in SOD, CAT and CPX, and six were deficient in AFR. Of four mutants examined, representing four of the genes, all were deficient in GPX. The results indicate a molecular basis for the previously observed photosensitivity of the mutants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献