Computation of Running Averages

This brief presents and compares several recursive and nonrecursive techniques for the efficient computation of the running average of discrete signals. First of all, the standard recursive algorithm is considered and its long-term accuracy is assessed when the floating-point arithmetic is employed. A cheap refreshing strategy is proposed as a means of keeping the computed value close enough to the exact one. Then, two alternative nonrecursive algorithms, requiring only log₂N additions, are developed, which are as reliable and accurate as the direct implementation     

缺血性糖尿病下肢病变的膝下动脉成形术

目的探讨膝下动脉的球囊成形术在治疗糖尿病缺血性下肢病变中的价值。方法对５３例糖尿病合并缺血性下肢病变患者６４侧缺血性下肢进行膝下动脉Deep球囊扩张成形术。对比患者手术前后临床症状的改变及足部溃疡的变化。结果５３例患者共１１９支动脉分支接受PTA治疗，５０例患者的１０１个分支成功地开通，技术成功率为８４．９％，所有５０例患者的临床症状均明显缓解，足部溃疡均变小，无需截肢。结论膝下动脉的球囊成形术是治疗缺血性糖尿病下肢病变安全有效的微创手段     

Application of generalized phasors to eigenvector and natural response computation of LTI circuits

This paper focuses on the natural response computation of linear time-invariant (LTI) circuits, in those cases in which a closed-form solution, rather than numerical integration of the state-variable equations, is preferable. A computationally efficient procedure is presented to individually obtain the eigenvectors of matrix A, both for distinct and repeated eigenvalues. Instead of performing orthogonal matrix transformations, the proposed method relies on the solution of the nodal equations corresponding to a zero-input circuit in the generalized phasor domain. This allows propagation of natural modes to be computed by means of a simple procedure that closely resembles conventional ac analysis.     

Evolution of functional link networks

This paper addresses the genetic design of functional link networks (FLN). FLN are high-order perceptrons (HOP) without hidden units. Despite their linear nature, FLN can capture nonlinear input-output relationships, provided that they are fed with an adequate set of polynomial inputs, which are constructed out of the original input attributes. Given this set, it turns out to be very simple to train the network, as compared with a multilayer perceptron (MLP). However finding the optimal subset of units is a difficult problem because of its nongradient nature and the large number of available units, especially for high degrees. Some constructive growing methods have been proposed to address this issue, Here, we rely on the global search capabilities of a genetic algorithm to scan the space of subsets of polynomial units, which is plagued by a host of local minima. By contrast, the quadratic error function of each individual FLN has only one minimum, which makes fitness evaluation practically noiseless. We find that surprisingly simple FLN compare favorably with other more complex architectures derived by means of constructive and evolutionary algorithms on some UCI benchmark data sets. Moreover, our models are especially amenable to interpretation, due to an incremental approach that penalizes complex architectures and starts with a pool of single-attribute FLN     

Just how insoluble are monoterpenes?

Prior generalizations about the ecological roles of monoterpenes may be misleading if based on the presumed insolubility of monoterpenes in water. We determined the aqueous solubility of 31 biologically active monoterpenes by gas chromatography. While hydrocarbons were of low solubility (< 35 ppm), oxygenated monoterpenes exhibited solubilities one or two orders of magnitude higher, with ranges of 155–6990 ppm for ketones and of 183–1360 ppm for alcohols. Many monoterpenes are phytotoxic in concentrations under 100 ppm, well below the saturated aqueous concentrations of oxygenated monoterpenes. Therefore, even dilute, unsaturated solutions of monoterpenes, occurring naturally in plant tissues and soil solutions, may act as potent biological inhibitors.     

Upper extremity hemodynamics and sensation with backpack loads

Heavy backpacks are often used in extreme environments, for example by military during combat, therefore completion of tasks quickly and efficiently is of operational relevance. The purpose of this study was to quantify hemodynamic parameters (brachial artery Doppler and microvascular flow by photoplethysmography; tissue oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy; arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter) and sensation in upper extremities and hands (Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and 2-point discrimination test) while wearing a loaded backpack (12 kg) in healthy adults for 10 min. All values were compared to baseline before wearing a backpack. Moderate weight loaded backpack loads significantly decreased upper extremity sensation as well as all macrovascular and microvascular hemodynamic values. Decreased macrovascular and microvascular hemodynamics may produce neurological dysfunction and consequently, probably affect fine motor control of the hands.     

介入诊疗后并发两种不同类型肺栓塞的诊断与治疗

目的总结介入诊疗后严重并发症肺栓塞的类型、临床表现、治疗方法及预后的差异,以提高介入医师对此严重并发症的认识。方法收集３所医院１９９８－２００５年介入诊疗过程中所遇到的少见并发症肺栓塞病例,按照栓塞物不同分为碘油肺栓塞和血栓肺栓塞两种类型,就每种类型的临床特点及诊治经验加以总结。结果３所医院临床诊断介入诊疗后肺栓塞１０例,其中肺血栓栓塞５例,肺碘油栓塞５例。５例肺血栓栓塞患者表现为次日离床活动后突发性呼吸困难伴晕厥,２例死亡,３例经抗休克及局部溶栓治疗痊愈或好转。５例碘油肺栓塞患者表现为术后１～３d出现渐近性呼吸困难,无休克表现,经以给氧为主的综合治疗１５～５０d症状消失。结论肺栓塞是介入诊疗后的急重并发症,无深静脉血栓史患者也可发生急性血栓性肺栓塞,维持有效循环和溶栓治疗是有效疗法。碘油肺栓塞起病慢,治疗以保证供氧为主,肺内碘油可在１个月左右完全清除消失。肺增强CT对两者的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

DSA在急性缺血性脑血管病介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨DSA在急性缺血性脑血管病介入检查及治疗中的应用价值。方法分析５５０例急性缺血性脑血管病患者进行介入治疗过程中DSA设备使用情况,总结合理利用DSA设备的经验。结果DSA的应用将有助于急性缺血性脑血管病快速诊断和介入治疗疗效评价;DSA实用投照角度的应用能够清晰显示目标血管狭窄病变的形态、程度等信息,为介入治疗提供最佳工作位置,有助于缺血性脑血管病的影像诊断和介入治疗;旋转DSA图像采集及图像三维重建技术的应用将有助于成功地开展介入治疗手术;应用DSA图像测量技术能够为操作医师选择介入材料提供精确的数据信息。结论合理利用DSA设备对于急性缺血性脑血管病的诊断和介入治疗手术成败起着至关重要的作用。DSA设备为介入治疗提供了良好的操作平台,DSA是诊断急性缺血性脑血管病的金标准。     

胰腺癌综合治疗现状及其价值

任何单一疗法治疗胰腺癌都难以获得理想的疗效。目前,可切除胰腺癌的治疗仍以根治性切除为主。放射治疗与手术联合应用,可提高手术切除率,减少肿瘤扩散;术中放疗可以缓解疼痛,提高生存率;对术后辅助放化疗的作用仍有争议。区域性化疗理论上有诸多优势,但仍需数据支持。物理治疗和生物治疗在胰腺癌的治疗中也已经得到广泛的重视。但只有建立以手术切除为主,联合放疗、化疗、物理及生物治疗的综合治疗体系,才有可能根本改变治疗现状,显著提高长期生存率,并改善生活质量。介入治疗作为重要的姑息治疗方法之一,近年来得到了长足的发展。