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1.
Directional couplers are successfully fabricated on acrylic substrates using polymers synthesised from deuterated methacrylate and deuterated fluoromethacrylate monomers. The excess loss of a 50 mm long coupler is about 0.7 dB including waveguide and fibre coupling losses. A novel method is proposed for tuning the coupling ratio. By bending the coupler, high precision control of within 1% is attained without optical polarisation dependence.<> 相似文献
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Yuka Tsuji Mizuki Kuramochi Hossain M. Golbar Takeshi Izawa Mitsuru Kuwamura Jyoji Yamate 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), an antipyretic drug, is an important cause of liver injury. However, the mechanism in the rat model remains undetermined. We analyzed APAP-induced hepatotoxicity using rats based on M1/M2-macrophage functions in relation to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and autophagy. Liver samples from six-week-old rats injected with APAP (1000 mg/kg BW, ip, once) after 15 h fasting were collected at hour 10, and on days 1, 2, 3, and 5. Liver lesions consisting of coagulation necrosis and inflammation were seen in the affected centrilobular area on days 1 and 2, and then, recovered with reparative fibrosis by day 5. Liver exudative enzymes increased transiently on day 1. CD68+ M1-macrophages increased significantly on days 1 and 2 with increased mRNAs of M1-related cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, whereas CD163+ M2-macrophages appeared later on days 2 and 3. Macrophages reacting to MHC class II and Iba1 showed M1-type polarization, and CD204+ macrophages tended to be polarized toward M2-type. At hour 10, interestingly, HMGB1 (representative DAMPs) and its related signals, TLR-9 and MyD88, as well as LC3B+ autophagosomes began to increase. Collectively, the pathogenesis of rat APAP hepatotoxicity, which is the first, detailed report for a rat model, might be influenced by macrophage functions of M1 type for tissue injury/inflammation and M2-type for anti-inflammatory/fibrosis; particularly, M1-type may function in relation to DAMPs and autophagy. Understanding the interplayed mechanisms would provide new insight into hepato-pathogenesis and contribute to the possible development of therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
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The gate-drain overlapped device (GOLD) structure is proposed to achieve high reliability and high performance in deep submicrometer MOSFETs. The GOLD device concept is different from that of drain-engineering methods such as the double-diffused drain (DDD) and lightly doped drain (LDD). GOLD eliminates the tradeoff between transconductance and breakdown voltage (hot-carrier, drain sustaining). The overlap effect of the GOLD devices is discussed using simulation and experiment. GOLD has a gate structure using a native oxide film (5-10 A) to obtain an overlapped fine structure. The process is also compatible with conventional LDD processes and is suitable for 0.3-0.5-μm-design-rule devices at 5-V operation, and 3-V operation 相似文献
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Naoki Izawa Tomoko Hanamizu Toshiro Sone Katsuyoshi Chiba 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,109(4):356-360
To increase the hyaluronic acid (HA) yield from Streptococcus thermophilus YIT 2084, fermentation conditions (pH, temperature, agitation, aeration) were optimized in milk-based medium, and the effects of supplemental soybean peptides, which have different molecular weight distributions, were determined. HA production was enhanced to approximately 100 mg/l at pH 6.8 and 33–40 °C. Agitation speed and aeration rate slightly affected HA production. Soybean peptides including those of high molecular weight (approximately 27 to 130 kDa) further increased HA production to 208 mg/l under the optimal condition (pH 6.8, 35 °C, 100 rpm), which was 20-fold greater than non-optimal condition. HA production was no longer related to the specific growth rate. The HA produced under the optimal condition included a large amount of high-molecular-weight fraction of 100 to 2000 kDa, compared with under the basal condition without optimization. 相似文献
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K Shiokawa H Kasuya M Miyajima M Izawa K Takakura 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,42(1):109-15; discussion 115-6
OBJECTIVE: A drug delivery system using copoly(lactic/glycolic acid) was developed for the intracranial administration of papaverine. A rod-shaped implant prepared by a heat compression method was tested to determine its efficacy in preventing cerebral vasospasm in dogs. METHODS: Sixteen dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups, i.e., placebo or papaverine. Control angiography was performed, followed by right craniectomy and the induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage by the placement of a clot in the Sylvian fissure. Two pellets, containing either 25 mg of papaverine or no papaverine, were placed in the cistern. In in vitro studies, 56% of the actual papaverine loading was released in the first 4 days and 78% within 8 days. On Day 7, angiography was repeated and the animals were killed. A similar experiment using low-dose pellets containing 5 mg of papaverine, half of which was released within 7 days, was performed with 16 mongrel dogs. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the papaverine- and placebo-treated groups in the reductions of vessel diameters of the internal carotid, middle cerebral, and anterior cerebral arteries on the clot side. The mean concentration of papaverine in the clot was 4.5 x 10(-4) mol/L. The low-dose pellet failed to prevent cerebral vasospasm, although the mean concentration of papaverine in the clot was 2.3 x 10(-5) mol/L. CONCLUSION: A prolonged-release preparation of papaverine that could be implanted intracranially at the time of surgery prevented vasospasm significantly while maintaining an appropriate concentration of papaverine in the cistern. 相似文献
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K. Kamata K. Izawa Y. Nakajima Y. Matsuda T. Watanabe M. Nohara H. Takagi H. Takeya K. Hirata P. Thalmeier K. Maki 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2003,131(5-6):1095-1099
In order to determine the superconducting gap structure of the borocarbide superconductor YNi2B2C, we have measured the angular variation of the c-axis thermal conductivity
zz
in magnetic field rotated within the ab-planes. A clear fourfold symmetry with narrow cusps was observed in the angular variation of
zz
. These results provide a strong evidence that the gap function has point nodes which are located along the a- and b-axes of the crystal. 相似文献
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Nobuyuki Gokon Takuya Izawa Takehiko Abe Tatsuya Kodama 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
A laboratory-scale prototype windowed internally circulating fluidized-bed reactor made of quartz sand and coal coke particles was investigated for steam gasification using concentrated Xe-light radiation as the energy source. The quartz sand was used as a chemically inert bed material for the fluidized bed, while the coal coke particles functioned as the reacting particles for the endothermic gasification reaction. The advantages of using quartz sand as the bed material for the directly irradiated gasification reactor are as follows: (1) The bed height is maintained at a constant level during the gasification. (2) The quartz sand functions as a thermal transfer/storage medium inside the reactor. The gasification performances such as the production rates of CO, H2, and CO2; carbon conversion; and light-to-chemical energy conversion were evaluated for the fluidized-bed reactor with a thermal transfer/storage medium (quartz sand). The effects of using the bed material (quartz sand) on the gasification performance are described in this paper. 相似文献