Inhibition of Undesirable Gas Production in Tofu

Of 100 gas-producing bacterial isolates, 65% were Gram-negative. Bacterial growth and gas production in commercial tofu was accompanied by acidification, and pH decreases as low as 5.2. Coliform bacteria constituted 15% of the total bacterial flora. Sporeformers and yeast counts remained < 10³ CFU/mL. Pasteurization was effective in lowering the bacterial counts, and retarded gas production. The addition of lactic acid (reducing pH to 5.5) or lactic acid bacteria (2 × 10⁷ CFU/g) to tofu helped reduce gas production by about 50%. Addition of both lactic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum stopped gas production in contaminated tofu.     

WASTE FLOW ALLOCATION PLANNING THROUGH A GREY FUZZY QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING APPROACH

This paper proposes a grey fuzzy quadratic programming (GFQP) approach as a means for optimization analysis under uncertainty. The method combines the ideas of grey fuzzy linear programming (GFLP) and fuzzy quadratic programming (FQP) within a general optimization famework. It improves upon the previous GFLP method by using n grey control variables, ® (A,j (i = 1,2,..., n), for n constraints instead of one ® (X) for n constraints in order to incorporate the independent properties of the stipulation uncertainties; it also improves upon the FQP method by further introducing grey numbers for coefficients in A and C to effectively reflect the lefthand side uncertainties. Compared with the GFLP method, the GFQP approach is helpful for better satisfying model objective/constraints and providing grey solutions with higher system certainty and lower system cost; compared with the FQP method, more information of the independent uncertain features of not only the stipulations but also the lefthand side coefficients are effectively reflected in the GFQP method.

The GFQP modelling approach is applied to a hypothetical case study of waste flow allocation planning under uncertainty, with the input model stipulations fluctuating within wide intervals and having independent uncertain characteristics. The results indicated that reasonable solutions have been generated. Comparisons between the GFQP and FQP/GFLP solutions are also provided, which demonstrate that the GFQP method could better reflect system uncertainties and provide more realistic and applicable solutions with lower system uncertainties and higher system benefits.     

VERBAL LEARNING IN CHILDREN: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH.

REVIEWS CURRENT RESEARCH IN VERBAL LEARNING IN TERMS OF ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH. SUGGESTIONS ARE PROVIDED WHICH RELATE TO THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH INCORPORATING AGE AS A TREATMENT VARIABLE IN ADDITION TO HIGHLIGHTING THE ANALYTICAL UTILITY OF VERBAL LEARNING PARADIGMS IN THE STUDY OF DEVELOPMENTAL LEARNING PROCESSES. THE SIMILARITIES OF THEORY AND DATA RELATING TO NONVERBAL TASKS AND TO THEORY CONCERNING THE INTERACTION OF VERBAL LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. (3 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Path-dependency in public–private partnership in French urban renewal

Public–private partnership in urban renewal in France concerns mainly housing, transport infrastructure and large public facilities. The distinction between public, private and civil actors does not concern social and economic development. This situation tends to limit the integration of different issues and approaches in renewal projects. Also, French urban renewal projects do not produce a new type of partnership between public and private actors and the regulatory framework. These projects remain publicly dominated policy-making procedures because of the uneven distribution of resources and assets and despite a policy discourse emphasising the need for a new division of work between state, market and civil society. The current French situation cannot be understood without bearing in mind the history of urban planning policies in France. Using a historical analysis and the path-dependence approach, we highlight the resilience of inherited structures of interaction between public and private actors.     

ESR study of hair and melanin–keratin mixtures – the effects of temperature and light

The ESR spectrum of hair presents a symmetrical absorption band with the same characteristics as pure melanin ( g = 2.0030; δ H = 5 G). Between 250°K and 490°K, the intensity of the signal increases as for pure melanin. This variation may be explained by a change in the moisture content of hair as function of the temperature. Below 250° K, in a frozen medium, melanin-water interactions remain constant and the number of radicals is no longer a function of temperature.
Under exposure to light of hair, melanin-derived radicals were formed. Stable and short-lived radicals were observed at λ > 345 nm; only unstable radicals were formed at λ > 450 nm. At shorter wavelengths (λ > 280 nm), a new asymmetric signal ( g = 2.0065 H = 20 G) appeared on UV exposure of black, grey or white hair; this signal was attributed to radicals formed in the direct excitation of keratin amino acids.
Le spectre RPE des cheveux     

Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration of Maple Sap: A Performance Study

In an attempt to develop new products from maple sap, membrane technology was used to fractionate and concentrate macromolecular components (10,000 daltons or larger). Permeate fluxes increased with transmembrane pressure, reaching a maximum at 190–200 kPa, at 8–10°C. The flux profiles were similar to those of protein solutions and fruit juices. This method of clarification was successfully applied to obtain a clear “cold sterilized” sap. Application of ultrafiltration to maple farms or industries are discussed.     

Reinvestigation of the Phase Diagram for the System Titanium–Oxygen

Samples of the titanium oxides with O/Ti ratios between 0.5 and 1.67 were prepared by heating mixtures of Ti and TiO₂ in high vacuum to 1500°C and annealing them in silica ampuls at 900° to 1100°C. Results of chemical and X-ray analyses are combined with previously published data to form a complete phase diagram. The melting points of Ti₂O₃ and Ti₃O₅ were 1839°° 10°C and 1774°° 10°C, respectively.     

Nonlinear functionals of the periodogram

A central limit theorem is stated for a wide class of triangular arrays of nonlinear functionals of the periodogram of a stationary linear sequence. Those functionals may be singular and not-bounded. The proof of this result is based on Bartlett decomposition and an existing counterpart result for the periodogram of an independent and identically distributed sequence, here taken to be the driving noise. The main contribution of this paper is to prove the asymptotic negligibility of the remainder term from Bartlett decomposition, feasible under short dependence assumption. As it is highlighted by applications (to estimation of nonlinear functionals of the spectral density, robust spectral estimation, local polynomial approximation and log-periodogram regression), this extends may results until then tied to Gaussian assumption.     

ANXIETY (DRIVE) AND VERBAL LEARNING: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

EXAMINED THE METHODOLOGICAL ADEQUACY OF THE WORK CONSIDERED AS EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE TAYLOR-SPENCE DRIVE THEORY. PERTINENT RESEARCH INVOLVING VERBAL LEARNING PARADIGMS IS REVIEWED IN THE CONTEXT OF RECENT METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN VERBAL LEARNING. SOURCES OF POTENTIAL CONFOUNDING REFINEMENTS IN METHODOLOGY PERMITTING MORE ADEQUATE TESTS OF THE TAYLOR-SPENCE THEORY ARE PRESENTED. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)