我国地方政府竞争中的对抗与合作模型分析

随着中央政府对地方政府权力的下放。使具有自身利益特性的各个地方政府像“经济人”一样在各个相应的领域展开竞争。并由此带来了一系列的问题。如何避免低水平，同质化的竞争，避免资源浪费，提高竞争水平，本文在研究吸收前人研充的基础上，试图从竞争战略的角度，对地方政府在争夺外资中的竞争优势作了简要分析．以期在理论层面上构建一个地方政府在吸引外资中的竞争优势模型，在一定程度上从本源上解决以上问题。     

生物土壤结皮提高生态系统碳汇能力研究进展

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓植物等孢子植物类群与土壤形成的有机复合体,具有极强的生态适应性,广泛分布于陆地生态系统中。对于生物土壤结皮的研究过去主要集中在干旱荒漠地区的生态修复方面,近年来研究发现,生物土壤结皮可以有效固定CO₂等温室气体,实现生态环境的良性循环。研究生物土壤结皮形成、发育过程的特点,合理推广利用生物土壤结皮,可以改善生态环境、提高固定CO₂效率和降低温室效应。文中综述了生物土壤结皮国内外相关研究最新进展,总结了生物土壤结皮的种类和对生态的积极作用,分析其对减缓温室效应的作用机理,并对未来研究重点进行展望,以加深对生物土壤结皮的认识,促进其在环境修复方面的推广应用。     

浅谈企业文化与企业核心竞争力的关系

本文针对目前许多人把企业文化等同于企业核心竞争力的误区,从二者的内涵,作用机制,在组织中的形成过程等角度论述了二者的不同,并在此基础上,进一步说明二者的关系。     

生物有机肥替代部分化肥对旱地胡麻干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响

【目的】探究两种不同生物有机肥(肉蛋白生物有机肥M₁和爸爱我生物有机肥M₂)替代部分化肥对旱地胡麻减肥增产的效果。【方法】以不施肥为对照(CK),研究了常规施肥(CF)、70%CF+30%生物有机肥(30%M₁、30%M₂)、40%CF+60%生物有机肥(60%M₁、60%M₂)和10%CF+90%生物有机肥(90%M₁、90%M₂)对旱地胡麻生长发育特性及籽粒产量的影响。【结果】生物有机肥替代化肥不仅显著提高了胡麻地上干物质最大积累速率和平均积累速率,而且增加了胡麻成熟期的干物质积累量和生殖器官干物质的分配,其中,30%M₁干物质积累量增幅最大,较其他处理显著高出6.42%～41.74%,生殖器官干物质的分配较其他处理高0.23%～7.15%。生物有机肥替代化肥主要通过增加胡麻单株有效蒴果数和果粒数进而提高籽粒产量,30%M₁和30%M₂处理下胡...     

溢洪道转弯出水渠体型及出口防冲措施优化研究

西洋河水库除险加固工程新建溢洪道通过出水渠转弯将下泄水流在京新高速前导入下游河床,转弯角度达54°。初设方案水工模型试验中弯道水流明显偏向左侧,渠内水流出现波状分界,两侧边墙出现回流,流态较差,导致出口水流扩散后左侧冲向高速桥墩,下游河床冲刷严重,无法满足消能防冲要求。采用FLOW-3D软件对出水渠体型优化方案进行了数值模拟,并进行了推荐方案的物理模型试验。研究成果表明：优化后的矩形断面平坡出水渠,水流束窄效果较好,渠内回流消失,流态明显改善。出水渠体型优化后渠内流速增大明显,因此针对下游防冲措施进行了不同方案对比,并推荐了可行方案。     

禾豆间作系统水分和根系分隔对牧草氮素吸收利用及转移的影响

[目的] 禾豆间作可兼顾生产和生态效益,提高氮素利用效率并减少氮肥污染。目前对不同水分条件下禾豆间作体系氮素利用吸收及转移分配过程尚不清晰。[方法] 通过设置2时段总水量相同但间隔3,5天的不同频次水处理,结合根系分隔(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料板分隔)和氮同位素标记方法,研究间作禾豆牧草的地上生物量、氮素的吸收利用、固氮率和氮转移率。[结果] 间作披碱草的地上生物量、氮含量和氮素累积量相较单作披碱草显著提升,而苜蓿间作相比单作均降低。在总水量持平的情况下,高频水分处理使牧草的地上生物量比中低频水分处理分别提高6.28%,17.32%,苜蓿的固氮率也在高频水处理下比中低频水处理分别提高39.82%,44.81%,但部分中低频水分处理下氮含量和氮素累积量显著高于高频水分处理(p<0.05),且促进氮素的转移。根系分隔使禾豆相互作用减弱,表现为根系分隔增加间作苜蓿的地上生物量、各部位氮含量及地上部氮素累积量,减小间作披碱草的对应指标。间作苜蓿的固氮和氮转移率表现为不分隔＞尼龙网分隔＞塑料板分隔。[结论] 适度的水分调控可以提高禾豆间作的优势,且根系互作是促进豆科牧草生物固氮和氮转移的关键。     

赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响

为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响,以‘轮选2号’为材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验设计,研究了不同磷肥用量水平(P₀:0 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₁:67.5 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅,P₂:135 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅)和赤霉素(Gibberellin acid, GA₃)喷施浓度(G₀:0 mg L^-1,G₁:15 mg·L^-1,G₂:30 mg·L^-1)对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate)、PEP(Phospho...     

施氮后移对黄土高原旱区胡麻干物质积累和氮素利用的影响

为探讨施氮后移对胡麻同化物、氮素及产量形成的协调机理,在全生育期总施氮量150 kg/hm2的基础上,以全部基施为对照(CK,N1),设置4种施氮后移处理:2/3基肥+1/3现蕾肥(N2)、1/2基肥+1/2现蕾肥(N3)、1/3基肥+2/3现蕾肥(N4)、1/3基肥+1/3分茎肥+1/3现蕾肥(N5),研究其在胡麻关...     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

农田土壤重金属污染及修复技术研究进展

本文介绍了农田土壤重金属污染的主要来源,阐述了土壤重金属污染的主要修复技术及各项修复技术的特点、相关研究的进展等,提出今后土壤重金属污染修复的发展方向与措施,为土壤重金属污染修复技术提供借鉴。