Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Can We Afford the Cost of Cardioverter-Defibrillators? Data from the Search-MI Registry-Italian Sub-study

Background: Large randomized trials show that in appropriately selected patients with left ventricular dysfunction, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can improve overall survival at 2–5 years. Since direct implementation of the criteria used in the MADIT II and SCD-HeFT will lead to a marked rise in ICD implants, there is a growing fear that increased use of ICDs may cause a dramatic burden to health care systems. The ICD has traditionally been seen as an expensive form of treatment, which is difficult to accept at the first look. This is mainly due to the nonlinear character of the ICD investment, characterized by high initial expenditure, followed by a deferred pay-off in terms of clinical benefits. Cost-effectiveness analysis may help provide a different perspective on the problem of ICD cost, as may estimation of the daily cost of ICD treatment, assuming a time horizon of 5–7 years—a particularly interesting subject for further registry studies.
Methods and Results: Based on real expenditure data from 2002 to 2005, as recorded in the Search-MI Registry-Italian Sub-study of patients implanted on MADIT II indications, we estimated the daily costs associated with the device and leads. Over a 5–7 year time horizon, the average daily cost was estimated to be €4.60–€6.70. Translation of these figures into U.S. market conditions suggests a daily cost of around $7.90–$11.40.
Conclusions: These findings appear useful to help evaluate the affordability of ICD in comparison with other therapeutic options in a context of limited available economic resources.     

膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛甲基化检测

目的 探讨P16、P15、P14基因5＇CpG岛在膀胱移行细胞癌中甲基化状态及其临床意义。方法 应用甲基化特异性PCR（methylation—specific PCR，MSP）方法检测40例膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14基因甲基化程度，χ^2检验分析其甲基化程度与膀胱癌病理分级分期间关系。结果 膀胱移行细胞癌P16、P15、P14 5＇CpG岛甲基化扩增阳性化率分别为27．5％、17．5％、35％，而正常膀胱组织中均未检测到三种基因5＇CpG岛甲基化。P16、P14基因甲基化与膀胱癌病理分级分期有显著性差异（P〈0．05），P15基因则没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 P16、P15、P14基因在膀胱癌组织中的甲基化率较高，三种抑癌基因5＇CpG岛异常高甲基化，在膀胱癌的发生、发展中具有重要作用。     

以太网中交换设备安全性能主要技术分析与对策

交换设备的安全特性直接影响着网络的安全稳定运行和网络的服务质量,无论是传统的交换设备还是目前广泛运用的交换设备都存在着一些安全隐患.本文分析了交换设备的安全性能和交换机数据处理过程中的缺陷和问题,提出了提高交换设备性能和加强交换设备安全的新思路.     

改良(足母)趾腓侧皮瓣修复拇手指指腹缺损

目的介绍改良躅趾腓侧皮瓣修复拇、手指指腹缺损的手术方法。方法对15例拇、手指指腹缺损的患者，采用改良的躅趾腓侧皮瓣移植修复。该皮瓣在传统躅趾腓侧皮瓣设计方法基础上，将皮瓣腓侧缘及近端分别向背侧及趾蹼侧移动，从而避开口径细小又紧贴于皮下的躅趾腓侧浅静脉，直接游离第一跖背浅静脉；皮瓣的动脉和神经游离仍以常规方式进行。结果术后15例皮瓣全部成活，未发生动、静脉危象。12例获得4～11个月随访，3例失访。手功能评定：优10例，良2例。皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～8mm，12例对皮瓣外形满意。供区行走无影响，步态正常。10例对供区外观满意，2例欠满意，其中1例蹲趾腓侧偶有触痛。结论应用改良躅趾腓侧皮瓣可显著降低手术难度，提高成功率。     

腹部术后胃瘫综合征的诊治体会

目的探讨腹部术后胃瘫的诊断及治疗.方法总结16例腹部术后胃瘫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果该组病例中男11例,女5例;年龄36～85岁,平均(60.50±15.76)岁.术前长期流出道梗阻、恶性肿瘤、胆道疾病、胰十二指肠切除术后,胃大部切除术后的病人发病率高.胃镜、X线口服造影及核素胃排空试验对术后胃瘫的诊断有价值,经保守治疗后胃肠动力一般在术后4周内恢复.结论该病是一种功能性疾病,一旦诊断成立,采取促动力药物在内的保守治疗是治疗的有效方法,不宜盲目手术.     

儿童孟氏骨折并同侧桡尺骨远端骨骺骨折

儿童孟氏骨折并桡尺骨远端骨骺骨折临床上不多见，其病理改变复杂，治疗较困难，近10年来，在全国名老中医朱少廷教授指导下，采用手法复位、杉树皮夹板外固定治疗15例，收到满意疗效，现报告如下。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除专用手术刀具的临床应用

目的对经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除专用手术刀具治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤进行临床应用评价。方法在传统电切刀的远端添加保护襻组成膀胱肿瘤切除专用手术刀具。使用该种手术刀具治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤48例,使用方法与普通电切刀近似。男26例,女22例。年龄23~76岁,平均43岁。肿瘤分期Tis者1例,T0~T1者47例。肿瘤分级G1~G2者36例,G3~G4者12例。瘤体直径0.5~8.0 cm。肿瘤位于膀胱顶部4例,左侧壁11例,右侧壁9例,前壁4例,后壁13例,颈部7例。肿瘤单发31例,多发17例。术后常规卡介苗膀胱灌注1年,每3个月行膀胱镜检查1次。结果48例平均手术时间(23±10)m in。术中18例(37.5%)发生闭孔神经反射,未出现膀胱穿孔病例;无瘤体后部的正常膀胱黏膜误切。46例术后随访1年,14例复发,均为远位新生膀胱肿瘤,术后3个月时发现1例,4~6个月时3例,7~9个月时6例,10~12个月时4例。结论使用该专用手术刀具治疗浅表性膀胱肿瘤容易控制切除深度,可最大限度地避免膀胱穿孔,并可保护大体积肿瘤后部盲区的正常黏膜以免误切。     

Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration and outcome of thrombolytic treatment for myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND--Lp(a) lipoprotein has structural homology with plasminogen and has been shown to inhibit plasminogen activation in vitro. OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the serum concentration of Lp(a) lipoprotein present when streptokinase was given in acute myocardial infarction influenced the outcome as judged by electrocardiographic methods. PATIENTS AND DESIGN--Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration was measured in 135 consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction who received streptokinase treatment. Recovery from myocardial injury was assessed by the reduction in the sum of ST segment elevation measured from the J point (STJ) in the electrocardiogram immediately before streptokinase was given compared with that three hours later. RESULTS--The serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations were measured within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and were higher than in healthy reference populations. Recovery from myocardial infarction could be assessed from the STJ in 116 patients (86% of the series). Those in whom it could not had bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, did not survive three hours, or had started intravenous nitrate treatment or some other clinical procedure before or at the time the second electrocardiogram was to be recorded. Patients with reductions in STJ after streptokinase that were > 4 mm (the median decrease) had mean (range) serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations of 41.0 (0.8-220) mg/dl and those with a smaller reduction in STJ had concentrations of 29.1 (1.7-151) mg/dl. The difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION--In this study Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration did not significantly influence the outcome of thrombolytic treatment with streptokinase.     

妇产科理论授课方法改革的尝试

改革妇产科理论课讲授。改革课程设置，以病例为中心讲授，把讨论教学形式引入课堂，取得较好效果。