初发单纯空腹高血糖和(或)单纯餐后高血糖型糖尿病的代谢特征

目的评估单纯空腹高血糖型糖尿病(IFH),单纯餐后高血糖型糖尿病(IPH)及空腹合并餐后高血糖型糖尿病(FPH)的临床特点和胰岛素分泌及胰岛素敏感性的特征。方法2004至2005年瑞金医院内分泌门诊初诊糖尿病患者704例,据75g葡萄糖耐量试验分为:(1)IFH 81例;(2)IPH 147例; (3)FPH 476例。比较各组的胰岛素分泌及胰岛素敏感性指标。结果3组患者的年龄,体重指数,腰围及血压的差别无统计学意义。空腹胰岛素(O min)3组差异无统计学意义,30、60 min胰岛素FPH低于其他两组,120 min胰岛素IPH高于其他两组(均P＜0．05)。FPH组较IFH和IPH组有显著的早期相胰岛素分泌缺陷;IPH组和FPH组较IFH组的胰岛素敏感性降低。结论β细胞分泌缺陷和胰岛素抵抗均是从IFH向FPH进展的重要因素,而在IPH向FPH进展的过程中,β细胞的胰岛素分泌缺陷可能起到关键性的作用。     

单纯餐后高血糖型糖尿病的胰岛素分泌与敏感性

目的评估单纯餐后高血糖型糖尿病(IPH)的胰岛素分泌与敏感性的特征,并进一步探讨进展为IPH的相关因素。方法850例受试者按75 g葡萄糖耐量试验分为:糖耐量正常(NGT)557例;单纯糖耐量异常(iIGT)146例;IPH 147例。比较各组的代谢指标及胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性指数。结果早期相胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性指数从NGT→iIGT→IPH逐渐降低,校正年龄和BM I后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对iIGT和IPH患者作线性回归分析显示早期相胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性指数与2hBG密切相关。结论初发的IPH有显著的早期相胰岛素分泌缺陷和胰岛素敏感性降低。β细胞胰岛素分泌缺陷和胰岛素抵抗均是从NGT→iIGT→IPH的进展过程中的决定因素。     

一例家族性Camey综合征临床及分子生物学研究

目的对原发性色素性结节样肾上腺病(primary pigmented nodular adernal disease，PPNAD)所致的库欣综合征患者进行家系调查及分子生物学研究。方法患者入院后例行病史询问及各项相关检查。采集患者及其家系成员共8份全血DNA样本。对PRKAR1A基因各外显子PcR扩增，ABI 3700测序。手术切除患者右侧肾上腺，部分液氮保存以备抽提RNA／DNA，部分送病理。结果患者临床表现为不典型库欣综合征，其父有心脏黏液瘤病史。患者地塞米松抑制试验结果显示皮质醇不受抑制，影像学检查发现肾上腺结节样增生。手术切除肾上腺组织呈现色素结节样病变，结合病理所见为PPNAD。测序发现患者及其父亲的PRKAR1A基因有一个新的杂合突变——S147N。结论先证者及其父因分别患有PPNAD及心房黏液瘤并共同携带PRKAR1A的基因突变，最终共同确诊为家族性Carney综合征。     

Clinical and molecular genetic analysis for 7 patients from 5 pedigrees with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of 7 patients from 5 families with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency (17OHD) and the CYP17A1 mutation in Chinese. Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 5 families with 17OHD. PCR direct sequencing was performed to screen the mutation of CYP17A1 gene of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were performed to screen the mutations of CYP17A1 gene in 288 healthy individuals from Shandong province. Results Seven patients (5 of them were 46, XX; 2 were 46, XY) had typical clinical presentation of sexual infantilism, hypertension and hypokalemia. Hormone profile indicated decreased plasma cotisol and sex hormones, and elevated blood adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). TAC329AA and H373L in exon 6 and D487_ F489del in exon 8 were identified from the patients. One heterozygote for D487_F489del was identified in 288 healthy controls. Conclusion The TAC329AA and D487_F489del of the CYP17A1 gene were the most frequent mutations in Chinese with 17OHD. There might be certain frequency of heterozygotes for D487_ F489del in Chinese population.     

原代分离的大鼠胰岛细胞对葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌的反应性研究

目的:研究原代分离的大鼠胰岛对葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌反应性。方法:胶原酶原位灌注法分离大鼠胰岛,在含0.5%BSA、5.5或11.1mmol/L葡萄糖的培养基中培养不同时间后,用含0.2%BSA、3.3mmol/L葡萄糖的KRB缓冲液预培养胰岛30min,分别换入含不同浓度葡萄糖KRB缓冲液,培养1h,收集上清,RIA法测定胰岛素浓度。结果:大鼠胰岛过夜培养后,在基础(3.3mmol/L)和高浓度(16.7mmol/L)葡萄糖条件下胰岛素分泌量分别为(12.4±3.2)和(45.2±4.2)μU/ml/10islets/h;5.5mmol/L和11.1mmol/L葡萄糖浓度下培养12h和20h后,胰岛对葡萄糖的反应性均明显高于16.7mmol/L和22.5mmol/L葡萄糖组(P<0.05);体外培养5d后,对高糖的反应性为(4.28±0.67)倍。结论:原代分离的大鼠胰岛可在(1～5)d内保持对葡萄糖的反应性。     

Clinical and molecular genetic analysis for 7 patients from 5 pedigrees with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of 7 patients from 5 families with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency (17OHD) and the CYP17A1 mutation in Chinese. Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 5 families with 17OHD. PCR direct sequencing was performed to screen the mutation of CYP17A1 gene of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were performed to screen the mutations of CYP17A1 gene in 288 healthy individuals from Shandong province. Results Seven patients (5 of them were 46, XX; 2 were 46, XY) had typical clinical presentation of sexual infantilism, hypertension and hypokalemia. Hormone profile indicated decreased plasma cotisol and sex hormones, and elevated blood adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). TAC329AA and H373L in exon 6 and D487_ F489del in exon 8 were identified from the patients. One heterozygote for D487_F489del was identified in 288 healthy controls. Conclusion The TAC329AA and D487_F489del of the CYP17A1 gene were the most frequent mutations in Chinese with 17OHD. There might be certain frequency of heterozygotes for D487_ F489del in Chinese population.     

谷氨酰胺抑制MIN6细胞AMPK活性并促进其胰岛素分泌

目的:观察谷氨酰胺对MIN6细胞胰岛素分泌和AMPK磷酸化水平的影响,以探讨谷氨酰胺影响胰岛素分泌的可能机理.方法:将MIN6细胞接种于24孔或6孔细胞培养板,实验前用含0.2%BSA和2.8mmol/L葡萄糖KRB预培养30min,分别换入含不同浓度葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的KRB缓冲液,培养1h,收集上清,待测胰岛素;抽提蛋白,检测蛋白磷酸化水平.结果:葡萄糖在(2.8～22.5)mmol/L浓度下能剂量依赖性地降低AMPK蛋白磷酸化,抑制其活性,胰岛素分泌和AMPK活性呈负相关.10mmol/L谷氨酰胺孵育MIN6细胞1h可降低AMPK蛋白磷酸化,胰岛素分泌增加35%.结论:抑制AMPK活性可以促进胰岛素分泌,谷氨酰胺可能通过抑制AMPK活性促进胰岛素分泌.     

Clinical and molecular genetic analysis for 7 patients from 5 pedigrees with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of 7 patients from 5 families with 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase deficiency (17OHD) and the CYP17A1 mutation in Chinese. Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from 5 families with 17OHD. PCR direct sequencing was performed to screen the mutation of CYP17A1 gene of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were performed to screen the mutations of CYP17A1 gene in 288 healthy individuals from Shandong province. Results Seven patients (5 of them were 46, XX; 2 were 46, XY) had typical clinical presentation of sexual infantilism, hypertension and hypokalemia. Hormone profile indicated decreased plasma cotisol and sex hormones, and elevated blood adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). TAC329AA and H373L in exon 6 and D487_ F489del in exon 8 were identified from the patients. One heterozygote for D487_F489del was identified in 288 healthy controls. Conclusion The TAC329AA and D487_F489del of the CYP17A1 gene were the most frequent mutations in Chinese with 17OHD. There might be certain frequency of heterozygotes for D487_ F489del in Chinese population.     

β细胞素对体外培养大鼠胰岛的影响

研究β细胞素(BTC)对体外培养大鼠胰岛的作用。BTC无促胰岛急性分泌作用,但对长期培养大鼠胰岛的葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)具有一定保护效力;实时PCR及免疫荧光检测胰高血糖素、胰岛素、PDX-1、葡萄糖转运子2的表达未随培养时间延长而丰度下降,BTC可能不是通过调节上述基因的表达来维护胰岛GSIS功能的。     

原发性色素性结节性肾上腺病所致库欣综合征一例

原发性色素性结节性肾上腺皮质病或原发性色素性肾上腺结节性异常增生(PPNAD)十分少见,也有人把其独立为一种类型〔1,2〕。本文报道一例PPNAD所致的库欣综合征患者。患者,男2 9岁,因“乏力,多食,增重明显,多毛3年余”至我院就诊。患者3年前,无明显诱因下出现胃纳增加,体重3个月内增加10余公斤。躯体毛发增多增粗,遍及前臂,双股,胸背部。同时伴乏力,精神不振,易倦思睡,头痛头胀,心悸胸闷。四肢关节酸胀不适,以大关节为主,游走性发作,无明显红肿热痛。当地医院排除“类风湿性关节炎”,B超示双肾多发性结石。治疗后半年肾结石排出,尿常规…