缺碘和氟中毒对大鼠甲状腺的协同作用

实验用Wistar大鼠212只,按饮食中碘和氟含量不同随机分为五组,实验期为7个月。结果显示:摄碘正常的大鼠长期饮用30ppm氟水后引起甲状腺功能和形态的严重损害,而饮用10ppm氟水的大鼠仅见甲状腺滤泡上皮超微结构的轻度异常变化;单纯性缺碘大鼠甲状腺肿大并伴有代偿性功能变化,缺碘并饮用10ppm氟水的大鼠在其甲状腺肿大的同时伴有明显的形态结构损伤及甲状腺代偿功能抑制,甚至功能低下。     

氧化应激和神经递质受体在阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的作用

1 前言 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是一种主要在老年期发生的以进行性痴呆为主要特征的神经元退行性变疾病,其主要临床表现为进行性认知功能障碍、记忆力衰退、失语、性格和行为改变等[1].     

贵州产灯盏细辛药材超高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的 建立灯盏细辛药材的超高效液相(UPLC)指纹图谱,为其质量控制提供快速、科学的方法.方法 采用BEHC<,18>色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,1.7 μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.35 ml·min<'-1>,进样量1μl,柱温40℃,检测波长290 nm.结果 在16 min内得到灯盏细辛药材的指纹图谱,对其中8个色谱峰进行了初步归属,并对贵州不同产地的12批药材样品进行了分析,其相似度达到0.97以上.结论 相对于HPLC指纹图谱,UPLC指纹图谱方法具有更好的分离效率、灵敏度,并大大缩短了分析时间,适合于灯盏细辛药材的质量控制.     

天参益智方对老年痴呆模型学习记忆能力及Aβ1-40的影响

目的研究天参益智方（TSYZ）对AD大鼠模型学习记忆障碍的保护作用，探讨其对AD大鼠脑内Aβ1-40沉积的影响。方法以慢性铝中毒法复制AD大鼠模型，用Moriss水迷宫法检测AD大鼠学习记忆能力；采用免疫组化法检测AD大鼠海马和皮质Aβ1-40。水平。结果天参益智方治疗组逃出水迷宫的时间及搜索距离显著低于模型对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），大鼠海马和皮质的平均灰度值显著升高（P〈0．01），Aβ1-40水平明显低于模型组。结论天参益智方明显减少AD大鼠脑组织中Aβ1-40沉积，这可能是其改善AD大鼠学习记忆功能作用机制之一。     

全膝关节置换治疗氟骨症所致的膝关节损害

背景：地方性氟骨症膝关节损害是一个复杂的慢性全身性疾病,可造成膝关节骨周,骨质的损害。目的：观察人工全膝关节置换治疗地方性氟骨症所致的膝关节损害的临床疗效。方法：纳入2010-03/2011-10依据地方性流行病学、氟斑牙、临床表现及影像学检查确诊由氟骨症所致的膝关节损害患者9例,均行双侧人工全膝关节置换,于置换前及本次随访时根据美国特种外科医院膝关节评分系统进行临床疗效评估。结果与结论：膝关节置换后,美国特种外科医院膝关节评分结果显示优5例,良3例,可1例。患者治疗后在疼痛、功能以及关节活动度等方面均明显改善。说明人工全膝关节置换是治疗地方性氟骨症所致的膝关节损害的有效方法。     

原发老年性痴呆淀粉样β25～35多肽诱导乙酰胆碱能受体缺损的研究

目的探讨活性肽段Aβ25～35是否可以直接改变神经元烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAchRs)亚型的表达及其机制.方法实验于2002/2003在瑞典皇家医学院老年病研究所中心进行.采用配体结合实验以及Western Blot,RPA法,观察在Aβ25～35侵害早期,PC12细胞损伤机制.结果用nmol浓度Aβ25～35能明显降低PC12细胞nAchRs结合位点数量,引起α7等亚单位蛋白和mRNA水平不同程度的下降,Aβ25～35(0.1～100 nmol/L)作用后,[3H]epibatidine结合力平均显著下降37.4%,Aβ25～35(10～100 nmol/L)共同孵育,[125I]α-BTX结合力平均降低为28.2%.α7亚单位随Aβ25～35(1～100 mol/L)呈剂量依赖性递减分别为23.4%,α3亚单位随Aβ25～35(0.1～100 nmol/L)呈剂量依赖性递减分别为42.8%.α7亚单位mRNA水平随Aβ25～35(1～100 nmol/L)呈浓度依赖性下降分别为33.8%.对照组反转肽段Aβ35～25对PC12细胞nAchRs结合位点,α3,α7,β2亚单位的蛋白和mRNA水平无明显影响.nmol浓度Aβ25～35与nAchRs的特异结合力较弱,但明显抑制细胞活性.结论在AD病程早期,Aβ可直接引起nAchRs退行性改变;细胞内在信号传导系统的失衡可能是引起nAchRs生物合成降低的原因之一.     

阿尔茨海默病患者血浆胆碱酯酶活性改变的临床意义

目的探讨血浆中两种胆碱酯酶(ChE),即乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(Butyrylcholinesterase,BuChE)的活性在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制中的意义和临床诊断价值。方法选择经临床确诊的29例AD患者并33例健康老年人,采用改进的Ellman比色法分别测定血浆中AChE及BuChE活性,并进行相关比较分析。结果AD患者血浆AChE活性(1.39±0.57)nmol/(min.ml)较正常老年人(2.16±0.86)nmol/(min.ml)低(P<0.001);而BuChE活性在AD患者和正常老年人之间无显著差异;两种ChE活性在性别和年龄间的差异均无统计学意义。结论AD患者血浆AChE活性较正常老年人明显降低,这种降低与性别和年龄无关。血浆ChE活性的测定可作为AD的一种辅助诊断指标。     

燃煤型氟中毒对大鼠脑组织NO含量及NOS mRNA和蛋白表达的影响

目的观察燃煤型氟中毒对大鼠脑组织NO含量及NOS mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。方法健康SD大鼠24只,体质量100～120 g,按体质量随机分为3组,每组8只。对照组饲以常规饲料,低氟组和高氟组以氟病区燃煤烘烤的玉米为主要饲料(含氟量分别为11.30、104.20 mg/kg),来复制氟中毒大鼠模型,染氟时间为3个月。用氟离子选择电极法检测动物尿氟、骨氟、脑氟含量,观察大鼠海马CA1区神经元病理变化,用Biomias 2000图像分析系统测试大鼠海马CA1区神经元胞体平均面积、周长及平均灰度值,比色法测定脑组织NOS活性,硝酸还原酶法测定脑组织NO含量,蛋白印迹方法测定NOS蛋白水平;实时荧光定量PCR方法测定NOS mRNA水平。结果低、高氟组大鼠尿氟为(2.61±0.11)(4.39±0.13) mg/L,骨氟(2 734±137)(4 323±203) mg/kg,脑氟(1.00±0.08)(1.14±0.02) mg/kg;与对照组尿氟(1.59±0.10) mg/L、骨氟(1 399±152) mg/kg、脑氟(0.41±0.06) mg/kg比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01);尼氏染色显示,与对照组大鼠神经元平均灰度值(119.0±9.7)比较,染氟组大鼠均明显增加[低氟(153.0±8.9),高氟(159.4±2.9)];低氟组、高氟组大鼠脑组织总NOS活性[(8.57±2.40)、(11.49±3.10) kU/g]较对照组(16.80±3.20) kU/g显著性下降(P0.05),高氟组大鼠脑组织NO含量(2.05±0.25)μmol/L较对照组(4.68±1.78)μmol/L显著性降低(P0.05)。低氟组、高氟组大鼠脑组织NOS蛋白表达水平[(0.53±0.24),(0.82±0.28)]较对照组(0.17±0.02)显著增加(P0.05/0.01),低氟组、高氟组大鼠脑组织NOS mRNA水平[(1.37±0.07),(1.38±0.08)]均较对照组(1.53±0.17)显著下降(P0.05)。结论低剂量氟具有一定神经毒性,表现为食用燃煤型氟中毒病区燃煤烘烤的粮食低剂量、早期可导致动物脑氟含量增高,使大鼠海马CA1区神经元蛋白合成功能下降,脑组织NOS活性、NO含量、NOS蛋白及mRNA表达改变。     

贵州省地方性氟中毒地区人群GSTP1基因Ile105Val位点多态性分析

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.     

贵州省地方性氟中毒地区人群GSTP1基因Ile105Val位点多态性分析

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.