全文获取类型
收费全文 | 332篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
学科分类
数理化 | 342篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 30篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 20篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1891年 | 1篇 |
1890年 | 1篇 |
1889年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有342条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ryoichi Kizu Naoki Otsuki Yoshiko Kishida Akira Toriba Atsushi Mizokami Kerry L Burnstein Carolyn M Klinge Kazuichi Hayakawai 《Analytical sciences》2004,20(1):55-59
We developed a new mammalian cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for androgenic and antiandrogenic activities of chemicals and environmental samples. Environmental samples usually have a complex matrix that may contain the constituents acting as androgen receptor (AR) agonists, AR antagonists or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. AhR agonists are known to elicit the antiandrogenic effect through cross-talk between AR and AhR signal transduction pathways. In this study, PC3/AR human prostate carcinoma cells were transiently transfected with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter-driven luciferase expression plasmid. The cells were treated with a test compound or an environmental sample for 24 h at 37 degrees C and then measured for luciferase activity. The luciferase activity was induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in a concentration-dependent manner in a concentration range from 10 fM to 1 nM. R1881, a synthetic androgen receptor agonist, induced luciferase activity and its inductive effects was additive to that of DHT. The luciferase activity was not induced by cortisol, a glucocorticoid, progesterone, a progestin, and 17beta-estradiol, an estrogen in a concentration range of up to 1 microM. DHT-induced luciferase activity was reduced by bicalutamide and cyproterone acetate, AR antagonists, and also by benzo[a]pyrene, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, through AhR-mediated pathways. All of these findings indicate that the present assay system correctly responds to AR agonists, AR antagonists and AhR agonist and, therefore, it is a powerful tool for the sensitive and selective screening of chemicals and environmental samples for their androgenic and antiandrogenic activities. We developed the first assay system, in which the expression of luciferase was driven by the promoter of a prostate-specific antigen gene, a typical human androgen-regulated gene. 相似文献
2.
Current techniques of water wave visualization such as shadowgraphy and stereo photography are widely used but are deficient
in many aspects. Refraction based visualization observes the bending of light as it traverses across a liquid-air interface.
This work describes the continued development of techniques to measure the surface height of a liquid free surface. The method,
Reference Image Topography, utilizes refraction of light at the free surface as a function of the local angle of that surface.
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) software is used to evaluate apparent dislocations of the target image viewed through the
free surface, which are approximately proportional to the surface angle. High-resolution images are presented of the dynamic
surface topography for a point source and the shallow water flow around a vertical cylinder. 相似文献
3.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - In summary, it appears that the microbial reduction process is clearly not competitive with conventional SO2-reduction techniques when glucose (DE95 corn... 相似文献
4.
Kerry Hinton 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1989,21(1):S33-S46
A new model for the noise processes in a travelling-wave semiconductor laser amplifier is presented. This model is based on applying perturbation techniques to the basic travelling-wave rate equations to deduce the noise rate equations. These equations are then used to calculate the power spectral densities of the intensity, electron density and phase noises introduced into a single signal mode propagating through the amplifier. The model can be applied to any gain profile within the amplifier, ranging from unsaturated to completely saturated. Furthermore, in contrast to most other semiconductor laser amplifier models, this model does not require the homogenization of the photon field over the length of the device. 相似文献
5.
Stephen W. Burgess Jogin R. Wu Kerry Swift Barry R. Lentz 《Journal of fluorescence》1991,1(2):105-112
Rate constants were determined for the transfer of the fluorescent lipid probe 1-palmitoyl-2-[[2-[4-(6-phenyl-trans-1,3,5-hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl] oxy]carbonyl]-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DPHpPC) between large, unilamellar extrusion vesicles composed either of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or of DPPC mixed with a small amount (0.5 mol%) of lyso phosphatidylcholine (Lyso PC). Transfer of the lipid probe in the presence of varying concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was monitored using the SLM 48000-MHF Multi-Harmonic Fourier Transform phase and modulation spectrofluorometer to collect multifrequency phase and modulation fluorescence data sets on a subsecond time scale. The unique ability of this instrument to yield accurate fluorescence lifetime data on this time scale allowed transfer to be detected in terms of a time-dependent change in the fluorescent lifetime distribution associated with the lipid-like DPHpPC probe. This probe demonstrates two short fluoresence decay times (ca. 1.1–1.4 and 4.3–4.8 ns) in a probe-rich environment but a single long lifetime (ca. 7 ns) in a probe-poor environment. A simple two-state model for initial lipid transfer was used to analyze the multifrequency data sets collected over a 4-s time frame to obtain the time rate of change of the concentrations of donor and acceptor probe populations following rapid mixing of vesicles with PEG. The ability to measure fluorescence lifetimes on this time scale has allowed us to show that the of rate of lipid transfer increased dramatically at 35% PEG in both fusing and nonfusing vesicle systems. These results are interpreted in terms of a distinct interbilayer structure associated with intimate bilayer contact induced by high and potentially fusogenic concentrations of PEG. 相似文献
6.
A study of migration of the active components of oxygen sensors into food is presented. Six types of sensors, based on different oxygen sensitive dyes (two metalloporphyrins and one ruthenium dye), polymers (polystyrene and polysulfone) and support materials, were exposed to a number of standard ‘food simulants’ recommended by FDA/EU guidelines and then assayed for migration or sensor components and changes in oxygen calibration. Both metalloporphyrin sensor dyes leached only in olive oil and in 95% ethanol (used as a positive control), at maximum levels of 19.22 μg/dm2 for PtOEPK and 113.96 μg/dm2 for PtTFPP. The RuDPP dye showed maximum leaching in 95% ethanol (25.19 μg/dm2) while also migrating in an acidic aqueous simulant. Planar supports such as polyester tended to enhance the stability of the sensor. Migration of the styrene monomer from the polystyrene encapsulation medium was concluded to be low enough to be insignificant. Migration of sensor components was shown to correlate with the changes in sensor response to oxygen. Based on these results, sensor combinations were ranked on the basis of their resistance to leaching and their general stability, safety and suitability for use on a large scale in packaged foods and related food applications was proven. 相似文献
7.
8.
[structure: see text] Derivatives of the highly fluorescent and DNA-binding dye thiazole orange (TO) are described that feature appended peptides. Functionalization of TO can be achieved at either of the endocyclic nitrogens, and the photophysical properties and DNA-binding modes are sensitive to the position of the tethered peptide. A series of TO-peptide conjugates are described, demonstrating the utility of a solid-phase synthesis approach to their preparation and illustrating how the photophysical and DNA-binding properties of the compounds are influenced by chemical structure. 相似文献
9.
Wyche KP Blake RS Willis KA Monks PS Ellis AM 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2005,19(22):3356-3362
The technique of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) couples a proton transfer reagent, usually H3O+, with a drift tube and mass spectrometer to determine concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Here we describe a first attempt to use chemical ionization (CI) reagents other than proton transfer species inside a PTR-MS instrument. The ability to switch to other types of CI reagents provides an extra dimension to the technique. This capability is demonstrated by focusing on the ability to distinguish several isobaric aldehydes and ketones, including the atmospherically important molecules methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. Two CI reagents were selected, H3O+ and NO+, both being cleanly generated in a low intensity radioactive source prior to injection into the drift tube. By recording spectra with both of these reagents, the contributions from different isobaric molecules can be separated by virtue of their unique spectrometric 'fingerprints'. The work demonstrates that this form of instrumentation is not restricted to proton transfer reagents and is the basis of a more general technique, chemical ionization reaction mass spectrometry (CIRMS). 相似文献
10.
The title acetyl complex of the Cp(CO)2Fe system undergoes reaction with lithium hexamethyldisilazide to give the corresponding lithium enolate which reacts with a variety of electrophilic reagents. 相似文献