风力机叶型增升及叶尖流动控制研究

研究了两种改善风力机叶型气动性能的流动控制技术,分别对风力机专用S809翼型和较大升阻比的FX 60-100翼型进行应用研究．首先,通过在叶型前缘加装流动偏转器,研究流动偏转器对叶型流动分离的控制效果．并采用多岛基因算法,对流动偏转器进行多参数优化．结果表明:流动偏转器可以有效控制叶型的失速特性,推迟失速攻角和增加升力;基因优化算法能更大地提升流动偏转器的控制效果．其次,基于对风力机叶尖旋涡和尾涡特征以及叶片表面压力分布的分析,在叶片尖部加装不同倾斜角的旋涡扩散器控制叶尖涡．结果表明:涡扩散器能够提高叶尖涡涡核的总压,削弱其旋涡强度,使风力机尾流旋涡耗散更快,从而可以减小噪声,提高叶片效率．     

七孔探针可压缩流场测量研究

介绍了七孔探针用于亚音速可压缩流的标定方法。作为一种可以同时获得流动速度大小、流动偏角、总压和静压的气动测量装置,七孔探针被广泛应用于各种流动测量,包括可压缩流动。但是它的校准过程周期很长,代价昂贵,影响了探针的推广。本文以数值计算为手段,对七孔探针进行亚音速可压缩流校准与测量的研究。结果表明,其校准拟合精度流动角为2%,内外区的总静压相对标准偏差都没有超过3%,高于相同状态下的实验校准精度。在实际应用中,本方法用于指导传统实验标定方法,可以节约大量的标定时间和成本,使七孔探针在亚音速可压缩流的测量变得简单可行。     

带涡襟翼翼型流场的数值模拟

以数值计算为手段,分析了带涡襟翼的翼型的流场特性,分别对迎角及扰流板偏角对翼型气动性能的影响做了分析。结果表明,在小迎角来流情况下,保持迎角不变,涡襟翼偏转角度越大,升力越小,阻力越大,呈现较好的线性关系。在大迎角情况下,绕翼型的流动发生分离,通过适当控制涡襟翼的偏转角度,能够有效的改善翼型的失速特性,从而达到流动控制的目的,迎角越大,涡襟翼所需偏转的角度越大。     

Lift enhancement of airfoil and tip flow control for wind turbine

Two techniques that improve the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils are described. The airfoil S809, designed specially for wind turbine blades, and the airfoil FX60-100, having a higher lift-drag ratio, are selected to verify the flow control techniques. The flow deflector, fixed at the leading edge, is employed to control the boundary layer separation on the airfoil at a high angle of attack. The multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the flow deflector. The results indicate that the flow deflector can suppress the flow separation, delay the stall, and enhance the lift. The characteristics of the blade tip vortex, the wake vortex, and the surface pressure distributions of the blades are analyzed. The vortex diffuser, set up at the blade tip, is employed to control the blade tip vortex. The results show that the vortex diffuser can increase the total pressure coefficient of the core of the vortex, decrease the strength of the blade tip vortex, lower the noise, and improve the efficiency of the blade.