Collision enhanced hyper-damping in nonlinear elastic metamaterial

Nonlinear elastic metamaterial, a topic which has attracted extensive attention in recent years, can enable broadband vibration reduction under relatively large amplitude. The combination of damping and strong nonlinearity in metamaterials may entail extraordinary effects and offer the capability for low-frequency and broadband vibration reduction. However, there exists a clear lack of proper design methods as well as the deficiency in understanding properties arising from this concept. To tackle this problem, this paper numerically demonstrates that the nonlinear elastic metamaterials, consisting of sandwich damping layers and collision resonators, can generate very robust hyper-damping effect, conducive to efficient and broadband vibration suppression. The collision-enhanced hyper damping is persistently presented in a large parameter space, ranging from small to large amplitudes, and for small and large damping coefficients. The achieved robust effects greatly enlarge the application scope of nonlinear metamaterials. We report the design concept, properties and mechanisms of the hyper-damping and its effect on vibration transmission. This paper reveals new properties offered by nonlinear elastic metamaterials, and offers a robust method for achieving efficient low-frequency and broadband vibration suppression.     

准零刚度驱动式压电低频振动能量采集方法

如何高效且经济环保地为数以万计的传感器网络节点供电,是物联网快速发展和大范围应用的瓶颈性难题.将振动能转换为电能以实现传感器自供电是物联网传感器网络节点供能的潜在方案.但是,环境振动中低频成分占比较大,而传统振动能量采集方法较难实现低频(<10 Hz)振动能量的高效转化,这限制了振动能量采集技术在物联网领域的大范围应用.文章提出了一种准零刚度驱动式压电振动能量采集装置,可将环境、人体及部分机械设备的低频振动能量高效地转化为电能.首先利用能量法得到压电俘能单元的机电耦合方程,并用谐波平衡法获得系统动力学及电学响应的解析表达式,同时对比了数值解与解析表达式的结果;进一步探究了阻尼比、激励幅值等参数对动力学响应及电学输出的影响.最后加工制备了准零刚度驱动式压电振动能量采集装置样机,搭建了实验平台,测试了系统的动力学响应与电学输出,验证了理论结果的正确性.研究结果显示当频率为2.5 Hz时,准零刚度驱动式压电振动能量采集装置中单个能量转化单元的最大峰值电压达到25 V.文章提出的准零刚度压电能量采集装置有望克服传统共振型压电能量采集装置能量采集频带依赖于能量采集系统固有频率以及多稳态能量...     

声学黑洞结构应用中的力学问题

声学黑洞(acoustic black hole,ABH)效应是利用薄壁结构几何参数或者材料特性参数的梯度变化,使波在结构中的传播速度逐渐减小,理想情况下波速减小至零从而不发生反射的现象.实现声学黑洞效应的主要方法是将薄板结构的厚度按照一定规律裁剪,利用声学黑洞可以将结构中传播的波动能量聚集在特定的位置.声学黑洞对波的聚集具有宽频高效、实现方法简单灵活等特点,在薄壁结构的减振降噪、能量回收等应用中具有明显的优势.本文介绍声学黑洞效应的基本原理、相关力学问题的研究进展和有待进一步探究的问题,包括声学黑洞结构的建模与分析方法、实验研究方法及进展、声学黑洞结构中波的传播与操控,以及声学黑洞在工程应用中的相关问题.