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Harit Kapoor Kush Raj Lohani Tommy H. Lee Devendra K. Agrawal Sumeet K. Mittal 《CTS Clinical and Translational Science》2015,8(6):841-847
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the fastest rising cancer in the United States. It develops from long‐standing gastroesophageal reflux disease which affects >20% of the general population. It carries a very poor prognosis with 5‐year survival <20%. The disease is known to sequentially progress from reflux esophagitis to a metaplastic precursor, Barrett''s esophagus and then onto dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, only few patients with reflux develop Barrett''s esophagus and only a minority of these turn malignant. The reason for this heterogeneity in clinical progression is unknown. To improve patient management, molecular changes which facilitate disease progression must be identified. Animal models can provide a comprehensive functional and anatomic platform for such a study. Rats and mice have been the most widely studied but disease homology with humans has been questioned. No animal model naturally simulates the inflammation to adenocarcinoma progression as in humans, with all models requiring surgical bypass or destruction of existing antireflux mechanisms. Valuable properties of individual models could be utilized to holistically evaluate disease progression. In this review paper, we critically examined the current animal models of Barrett''s esophagus, their differences and homologies with human disease and how they have shaped our current understanding of Barrett''s carcinogenesis. 相似文献
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4.
Josh Greenstein Devjani Das Josie Acuna Monica Kapoor Cara Brown Abbas Husain Brendan Lally Barry Hahn 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2019,37(2):313-316
Background
In the emergency department, rib fractures are a common finding in patients who sustain chest trauma. Rib fractures may be a sign of significant, underlying pathology, especially in the elderly patients where rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To date, no studies have evaluated the ability of ultrasound to detect rib fractures using cadaver models and subsequently use this model as a teaching tool.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine if it is possible to generate rib fractures on cadaver models which could be accurately identified using ultrasound.Methods
This was a cross-sectional study performed during one session at a cadaver lab. A single hemithorax from four adult cadavers were used as models. Single rib fractures on each of rib five through eight were created. Four subjects, blinded to the normal versus fractured ribs, were asked to identify the presence of a fracture on each rib.Results
A total of 8 of 16 potential ribs had fractured induced by study staff. Mean accuracy was 55% for all subjects. The overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting rib fractures was 50% (CI: 31.89–68.11) and 59.38% (CI: 35.69–73.55) respectively. The overall PPV and NPV was 55.17% and 54.29% respectively.Conclusions
In this pilot study, subjects were not able to detect induced rib fractures using ultrasound on cadaver models. The use of this model as a teaching tool in the detection of rib fractures requires further investigation. 相似文献5.
Mariana Spitz Alexandre Aluízio Costa Machado Rodrigo do Carmo Carvalho Fernanda Martins Maia Monica Santoro Haddad Dagoberto Calegaro Milberto Scaff Egberto Reis Barbosa 《Movement disorders》2006,21(9):1520-1522
We report on 3 patients with pseudoathetosis, which are involuntary, slow, writhing movements due to loss of proprioception. 相似文献
6.
Palat Balachandran M.S. M.Ch. Shaleen Agarwal M.S. M.Ch. Narendra Krishnani M.D. Chandra M. Pandey Ph.D. Ashok Kumar M.S. M.Ch. Sadiq S. Sikora M.S. Rajan Saxena M.S. Vinay K. Kapoor M.S. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2006,10(6):848-854
The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of long-term survival (>24 months) in patients with gall bladder cancer.
A retrospective review of 117 cases of gall bladder cancer resected between 1989 and 2000. The resections included 80 simple
cholecystectomies and 37 extended procedures. Patients with survival >24 months (n=44) were compared with those having survival
<24 months (n=73) for 17 prognostic factors. Overall median survival was 16 months with a 5-year survival of 27%. T status
(P=.000) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=.001) were independent predictors of long-term survival. Survival advantage was
seen in T3N+ve disease (P=.007) with extended procedures. Complete (R0) resection was attained in 30 patients with a 5-year
survival advantage of 30% as compared with incomplete (R1) resection (P=.0002). Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival
in simple cholecystectomy group (P=.0008) but no advantage was seen after extended procedures. Stage III (P=.001) and node-positive
disease (P=.0005) had significant benefit with adjuvant therapy. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were associated
with poor long-term survival. R0 resection was associated with prolonged survival. Extended procedures improved survival in
patients with T3N+ve disease. Addition of chemoradiotherapy made significant improvement in long-term survival in stage III
and node-positive lesions and in patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy. R0 resection predicted long-term survival in
gall bladder cancer. T3 N+ve disease had better survival after extended procedures. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival
in stage III and node-positive disease. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were adverse predictors of survival. 相似文献
7.
The clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings of a case of bilateral dacryops is reported in a 49-year-old man. The patient presented with cystic masses located in superior lateral orbits and underwent bilateral excisions of these without any postoperative complications. 相似文献
8.
Bioavailability and biological efficacy of a new oral formulation of salmon calcitonin in healthy volunteers. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Thierry Buclin Monica Cosma Rochat Peter Burckhardt Mo?se Azria Martine Attinger 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2002,17(8):1478-1485
Salmon calcitonin (SCT) is a well-tolerated peptide drug with a wide therapeutic margin and is administered parenterally for long-term treatments of bone diseases. Its clinical usefulness would be enhanced by the development of an orally active formulation. In this randomized crossover double-blinded phase I trial, controlled by both a placebo and a parenteral verum, we have tested a new oral formulation of SCT associated with a caprylic acid derivative as carrier. Eight healthy volunteers received single doses of 400, 800, and 1200 microg of SCT orally, a placebo, and a 10-microg (50 IU) SCT intravenous infusion. SCT was reliably absorbed from the oral formulation, with an absolute bioavailability of 0.5-1.4%, depending on the dose. It induced a marked, dose-dependent drop in blood and urine C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), a sensitive and specific bone resorption marker, with the effects of 1200 microg exceeding those of 10 microg intravenously. It also decreased blood calcium and phosphate, and increased the circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and, transiently, the urinary excretion of calcium. It was well-tolerated, with some subjects presenting mild and transient nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrheic stools, and headaches. This study shows that oral delivery of SCT is feasible with reproducible absorption and systemic biological efficacy. Such an oral formulation could facilitate the use of SCT in the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. 相似文献
9.
Angela Bryan Reuben N Robbins Monica S Ruiz Dennis O'Neill 《Health education & behavior》2006,33(2):154-177
Prisons and prison inmates present important targets for HIV/AIDS prevention interventions. Inmates often have histories of high-risk behavior that place them in danger of contracting HIV/AIDS, and rates of HIV/AIDS tend to be much higher in this population. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a prison-based HIV/AIDS intervention to change attitudes toward HIV prevention, norms supporting HIV prevention, perceived behavioral control (i.e., self-efficacy) for HIV prevention behaviors, and intentions to engage in HIV prevention behaviors postrelease. The intervention also had the goal of encouraging inmates to become HIV/AIDS peer educators. The intervention appeared most successful at influencing beliefs and behaviors related to peer education and somewhat successful at influencing beliefs and intentions related to condom use. Analyses also showed some significant differences in effectiveness by race/ethnicity. Results are discussed from the perspectives of both research and practice with regard to prison-based HIV prevention efforts. 相似文献
10.
Leonard A. Jason PhD Steven B. Pokorny PhD Monica Adams MPH Annie Topliff MA Courtney Harris BA Yvonne Hunt PhD 《The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions》2009,18(5):367-374
This study evaluated the effects of tobacco Purchase, Use and Possession (PUP) laws on student perceptions of adolescent tobacco use within towns and schools. Twenty‐four towns were randomly assigned into two conditions, the experimental condition (E PUP) involved efforts to increase both PUP law enforcement and reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco, whereas the control condition (C) focused only on efforts to reduce minors' access to commercial sources of tobacco. A hierarchical linear modeling analytical approach was selected due to the multilevel data and nested design. The present study found that over time, youth in the experimental PUP condition observed less youth tobacco usage at school and in their town, and perceived lower rates of tobacco among their peers at school and among friends than youth in the control condition. The findings suggest that PUP law enforcement might be used to strengthen community norms against youth tobacco use. 相似文献