左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦（附2例报告并文献复习）

目的:分析左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的临床特征,提高对左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的认识和诊断.方法:回顾分析2例左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦的临床病例并对文献进行回顾分析.结果:左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦是一种罕见的先天性冠脉畸形,这种畸形可分为良性或恶性,主要根据异常左冠状动脉与主动脉和肺动脉之间的关系.对于可能引起猝死或严重心肌缺血患者,应进行冠状动脉旁路移植术.2例患者左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦,其中1例左主干走行于主动脉与肺动脉之间,1例走行于主动脉前方,这2例未进行预防性外科手术,目前预后良好.结论:左主干起源于右冠状动脉窦是罕见的冠脉畸形,应注意鉴别是良性或是恶性,确定下一步治疗方案.     

单支冠状动脉畸形的急性心肌梗死及介入治疗

病例1,患者男,55岁。因突发心前区疼痛6小时不缓解到我院急诊室,心电图胸前V1-2导联呈QS波,V3-5导联呈rS波,V1-5导联ST段明显抬高0.2~0.6mV。II、III、aVF导联呈qR波伴ST段抬高0.1mV。诊断为急性前壁心肌梗死。急诊行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉介入治疗,穿刺右股动脉,插入6F动脉鞘管,先用6FJL4.0造影导管行左冠脉造影,结果示前降支近段次全闭塞。在行急诊冠状动脉造影中前降支近中段完全闭塞,回旋支远端粗大(图1)。用6FJR4.0造影导管在行右冠状动脉造影时未能找到右冠开口及右冠状动脉,然后仔细观察左冠状动脉,发现回旋支远端粗大并…     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层成像评价冠状动脉内支架术后即刻支架周围组织结构改变

目的:应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)评价冠状动脉内支架术后即刻支架周围组织结构改变。方法:对21例临床诊断冠心病准备介入治疗患者,在冠状动脉内置入支架后即刻进行OCT成像检查。21例患者中共有22支冠状动脉置入25个支架,其中前降支11支13个支架,回旋支8支9个支架,右冠状动脉3支3个支架。OCT评价支架贴壁不良、血管夹层及撕裂、组织脱垂等。支架贴壁不良定义为支架支撑杆与血管壁距离大于0.20mm,组织脱垂定义为血管壁组织通过支架网眼突入管腔。结果:21例患者均成功进行OCT检查,22支靶血管25个支架均成功获得清晰OCT图像。通过OCT发现置入的25个支架中有12个支架可以看到部分支架支撑杆未能完全封闭血管壁上的夹层及撕裂;所置入的支架中有50个支架支撑杆贴壁不良,平均支架支撑杆与血管壁的距离为0.39±0.20(0.20~1.16)mm。通过OCT检出置入的25个支架中有20个支架可见到不同程度组织脱垂,共检出85个组织脱垂,平均最大组织脱垂面积为0.55±0.64(0.04~2.81)mm2。结论:OCT成像技术可清晰显示冠心病冠状动脉支架后血管夹层、撕裂组织脱垂及支架贴壁情况,其临床意义有待于进一步研究。     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

老年难治性高血压合并多脏器功能障碍

1　临床资料患者 ,男 ,6 3岁 ,发现高血压 10年 ,因呼吸困难2 .5h ,于 2 0 0 1年 12月 2 3日急诊入院。患者于 10年前因出现头晕、胸闷 ,查体发现血压增高 ,最高达2 6 0 /15 0mmHg ,在门诊服用多种降压药物 ,包括硝苯地平、美托洛尔 (倍他乐克 )、卡托普利 (开博通 )等药物治疗 ,血压一直控制不理想 ,一般约在 170 /110mmHg。患者于入院前 2 .5h ,排便时突发呼吸困难 ,呈端坐呼吸 ,口唇发绀 ,咳嗽 ,咳白色泡沫样痰 ,伴大汗淋漓 ,急诊入院 ,诊断为急性左心功能不全 ,给予吸氧、静脉注射乌拉地尔、呋塞米、毛花甙丙等药物治疗 ,症状好转后入…     

血浆Hcy对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后发生造影剂肾病的预测价值

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后发生造影剂肾病的预测价值。方法选取2014年1月至2015年12月于北京电力医院接受PCI术的156例AMI患者作为研究对象,并分为造影剂肾病组和非造影剂肾病组。比较两组患者的基线资料、围术期资料及辅助检查结果,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistics回归分析其影响因素。结果 156例患者PCI术后共出现32例造影剂肾病,发生率为20.5%。造影剂肾病组的血浆Hcy水平为(21.3±8.7)μmol/L,显著高于非造影剂肾病组(13.3±6.1)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血浆Hcy水平是患者术后出现造影剂肾病的独立危险因素(OR=2.254,95%CI:1.359~3.737,P=0.002)。结论约1/5的AMI患者PCI术后发生造影剂肾病,术前血浆Hcy水平可较好地预测造影剂肾病的发生风险,值得临床推广应用。     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术比较不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)和稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征.方法 对临床诊断的23例UAP和24例SAP患者,在完成冠状动脉造影并确诊冠心病后进行OCT检查.根据OCT结果 回顾性比较分析UAP和SAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,包括富含脂质斑块(≥2个象限的脂质斑块)、斑块纤维帽厚度、薄纤维帽粥样斑块(TCFA)、斑块破裂、钙化和血栓等.结果 47例患者中有44例成功进行OCT检查,包括22例UAP和22例SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉富含脂质斑块为91%(20/22),多于SAP患者的73%(16/22),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.741).UAP患者冠状动脉脂质斑块表面纤维帽厚度明显小于SAP患者[(69.5±34.7)μm比(141.1±68.5)μm,P=0.000],纤维帽侵蚀比例为59%(13/22),明显多于SAP患者的9%(2/22,P=0.000);TCFA[73%(16/22)比14%(3/22),P=0.000]和斑块破裂[50%(11/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.003]多于SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉斑块表而可见血栓形成多于SAP患者,但差异无统计学意义[27%(6/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.761].在斑块钙化方面,UAP与SAP患者之间差异无统计学意义.结论 OCT技术可清晰显示冠状动脉粥样斑块特征.与SAP患者比较,UAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块表现为纤维帽更薄、更多的纤维帽侵蚀、更多的破裂斑块和TCFA.     

经皮冠状动脉介入术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗对预后的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入术前患者行阿托伐他汀强化治疗对预后的影响。方法60例入选患者术前被随机分为两组,强化治疗组29例患者,术前12小时内服用阿托伐他汀80mg;对照组31例患者,术前12小时内服用阿托伐他汀20mg,所有患者术后均以阿托伐他汀每日20mg,每日1次长期维持。观察两组患者术前及术后24小时的肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白等指标的变化,比较两组在出院3个月时主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果强化治疗组主要不良心血管事件发生率为3．4％,对照组为22．6％（P〈0．05）;与对照组相比,强化治疗组患者术后肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I升高幅度显著减低（P〈0．05）;C反应蛋白升高的幅度低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PCI术前使用80mg阿托伐他汀同常规使用20mg的剂量相比,强化治疗的患者在短期预后方面获益大。     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.